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Energy Harvesting

Energy Harvesting. Thomas Vermeer 3/25/09 Embedded Systems. Agenda. What is Energy Harvesting? Common Energy Harvesting Systems Energy Sources Energy Storage Optimization Methods. Energy Harvesting. What is Energy Harvesting?

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Energy Harvesting

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  1. Energy Harvesting Thomas Vermeer 3/25/09 Embedded Systems

  2. Agenda • What is Energy Harvesting? • Common Energy Harvesting Systems • Energy Sources • Energy Storage • Optimization Methods

  3. Energy Harvesting What is Energy Harvesting? • Energy Harvesting is a way of powering an embedded system by ‘harvesting’ energy from the environment

  4. Energy Harvesting Common Energy Harvesting Systems

  5. Energy Harvesting Common Energy Harvesting Systems • Car Tire Pressure Monitors

  6. Energy Harvesting Common Energy Harvesting Systems • Wireless Weather Stations

  7. Energy Harvesting Common Energy Harvesting Systems • Implantable Medical Devices

  8. Energy Harvesting Common Energy Harvesting Systems • Traffic Alert Signs

  9. Energy Harvesting Common Energy Harvesting Systems • Mars Rover

  10. Energy Harvesting Two Design Goals: • Choose very low power electronics • Harvest and store energy efficiently

  11. Energy Harvesting Sources of Energy:

  12. Energy Harvesting Sources of Energy: • Solar

  13. Energy Harvesting Sources of Energy: • Mechanical

  14. Energy Harvesting Sources of Energy: • Thermal

  15. Energy Harvesting Sources of Energy: • Electromagnetic

  16. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage

  17. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 1: Traditional Rechargeable Batteries

  18. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 1: Traditional Rechargeable Batteries • Inefficient charging – lots of energy converted to heat

  19. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 1: Traditional Rechargeable Batteries • Inefficient charging – lots of energy converted to heat • Limited number of charging cycles

  20. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 2: Traditional Capacitors

  21. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 2: Traditional Capacitors • Efficient charging

  22. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 2: Traditional Capacitors • Efficient charging • Limited Capacity

  23. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 3 – Best Option: Super Capacitors

  24. Energy Harvesting Energy Storage Option 3 – Best Option: Super Capacitors • Efficient charging and high capacity

  25. Energy Harvesting Super Capacitors • Small Size • High Efficiency • Very high capacity (1-100 Farads) • ~20% capacity drop per decade

  26. Energy Harvesting Maximizing Energy Stored What if our system charges at 5V?

  27. Energy Harvesting Maximizing Energy Stored We could charge system when Vin>5V, or for about 5 hours/day

  28. Energy Harvesting Maximizing Energy Stored But look at all this wasted energy!

  29. Energy Harvesting Maximum Power Point Tracking

  30. Energy Harvesting Maximum Power Point Tracking Uses buck/boost voltage regulators

  31. Energy Harvesting Maximum Power Point Tracking Uses buck/boost voltage regulators • “Buck” the voltage down at peak times, supplying 5V with high current

  32. Energy Harvesting Maximum Power Point Tracking Uses buck/boost voltage regulators • “Buck” the voltage down at peak times, supplying 5V with high current • “Boost” the voltage up at lower times, supplying 5V with low current

  33. Energy Harvesting Autonomous Maximum Power Point Tracking • Preprogrammed regulators • Feedback circuits • Inexpensive • Easy to implement • Low power overhead

  34. Energy Harvesting Active Maximum Power Point Tracking • Uses MCU or DSP • Difficult implement • High power overhead • Can be counterproductive

  35. Energy Harvesting Any Questions?

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