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Kidney Problems

Kidney Problems. Kidney stones. Formed by uric acid or calcium salts Interfere with urine flow, cause pain Small stones may pass naturally, larger ones are surgically removed or destroyed by sound waves or lasers. Renal failure. Kidneys stop functioning

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Kidney Problems

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  1. Kidney Problems

  2. Kidney stones • Formed by uric acid or calcium salts • Interfere with urine flow, cause pain • Small stones may pass naturally, larger ones are surgically removed or destroyed by sound waves or lasers

  3. Renal failure • Kidneys stop functioning • If left untreated, leads to death in 8 – 14 days

  4. Causes: 1. Glomulonephritis • Bacterial infection • As antibodies combine with bacteria, clumping causes solids to form and become trapped in glomerulus (blocking it)

  5. Causes: 2. tubular necrosis • Death of epithelial cells in tubules • May be due to poisons (CCL4, Hg) • May be due to lack of oxygenated blood flow (diabetes) • Renal failure leads to uremia the pressure of waste substances in the blood (urine in the blood) • The waste substances must be removed by dialysis (external filtering of blood) or a kidney transplant

  6. Kidney replacements • Transplant from a donor • Usually best if the donor is a relative • A person can function normally with one kidney • To reduce the chance of tissue rejection the patient takes immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine

  7. Dialysis : external filtering of blood • Blood is passed through dialysis solution • Waste products and salt diffuse out according to concentration gradient • Substances may also be absorbed by blood. Ex: HCO3- if blood is too acidic • CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis • Dialysate introduced into abdominal cavity, then wastes are collected by bag

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