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讲 座 提 纲

讲 座 提 纲. 1 什么是分子育种 2 历史回顾 3 全基因组策略 4 基因型鉴定 5 表现型鉴定 6 环境 型鉴定 ( etyping ) 7 标记 - 性状关联分析 8 标记 辅助 选择 9 决策支撑系统 10 展望. Etyping should be treated equally as Genotyping and Phenotyping !!!. G Geno + typing = Genotyping.

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讲 座 提 纲

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  1. 讲 座 提 纲 1 什么是分子育种 2 历史回顾 3 全基因组策略 4 基因型鉴定 5 表现型鉴定 6 环境型鉴定 (etyping) 7 标记-性状关联分析 8 标记辅助选择 9 决策支撑系统 10 展望

  2. Etyping should be treated equally as Genotyping and Phenotyping !!! G Geno + typing = Genotyping P Pheno + typing = Phenotyping E Environmental + typing = Etyping Etyping ≈ Environmental Assay 环境型鉴定 Xu et al. 2012, Mol Breed29:833–854

  3. 6th International Crop Science Congress August 6-10, 2012, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil Workshop 16: Marker-Assisted Selection Environmental Assaying or Etypingas a Key Component for Integrated Plant Breeding Platform Yunbi Xu International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China y.xu@cgiar.org www.ccMAIZE.org

  4. External Environmental Factors E • Water • Humidity • Precipitation • Ground water • Water quality • Potential evapotranspiration • Cropping systems • Intercropping • Previous crop • Accompanying organisms • Root microorganisms • Weeds • Pathogens • Insects • Soil • Texture • Water content • Fertility • Nutrient content • Production index • Air • Pollutants • Emission of CO2 • Light • Light intensity • Day length • Temperature • Effective temperature • Length of available growing period • Average, maximum, minimum daily temperature Xu 2010, Molecular Plant Breeding, CABI Publisher

  5. Intracellular Micro-environments associated with organelles, cytoplasm, nucleus, water, proteins, and other chemicals. Internal Environmental Factors Contribution to variation in genetics genomics metabolism transcription Intercellular temperature moisture chemicals

  6. All Environmental Factors Internal environments External environments Intercellular Temperature Moisture Chemicals Geogaphic information system Light : intensity, day length Air: pollutant, Co2 emission Temperature: effective, average, maximum, minimum Water: humidity, precipitation, ground water, water quality, evapotranspiration Accompanying organisms: root microorganisms, weeds, pathogens, insects Cropping system: intercropping, previous crop Soil: texture, moisture, fertilizer, nutrient Intracellular Micro-environments associated with organelles, cytoplasm, nucleus, water, proteins, and other chemicals.

  7. Etype Data from Global Information System (GIS) Ecological Diversity Deserts, Sahel, Savana Rain Forest, Plateaus Woodlands

  8. Etypingfor Soil Properties Revised from Jill Cairns, CIMMYT Chiredzi, Zimbabwe

  9. Determination of field properties and within-site variability

  10. Error Control for CIMMYT Maize Sites Tlatizapan, Mexico Kiboko, Kenya Placement of trials to avoid/minimize field gradients Use as a covariate (heritability, without covariate: low N 0.59, optimal N 0.79, with covariate: low N 0.60, optimal N 0.80) Jill Cairns, CIMMYT

  11. Identifying Field Gradients for Drought Screening Jose Luis Araus

  12. Integration of Phenotype Information Morphological & physiological phenotypes Physical and chemical properties Canopy Spectroradiometrical reflectance Leaf and stem Canopy temperature Root properties Root + Molecular phenotypes

  13. Phenotyping High-throughput Non destructive In situ measurement Etyping Managed environments Improved data acquisition Multi-environment trials P & E together Physical and chemical properties Geogaphic information system Canopy temperature Environmental factors Light : intensity, day length Air: pollutant, Co2 emission Temperature: effective, average, maximum, minimum Water: humidity, precipitation, ground water, water quality, evapotranspiration Accompanying organisms: root microorganisms, weeds, pathogens, insects Cropping system: intercropping, previous crop Soil: texture, moisture, fertilizer, nutrient Canopy Spectroradiometrical reflectance Leaf and stem Root properties Root Xu et al 2012 Mol Breed 29:833–854

  14. Integration of G-P-E Information Various G-P-E Models for Plant Breeding • G X E Interaction across genomes and environments • Prediction of variety and hybrid performance using integrated genotypic and environmental information • MAS models with environmental information incorporated

  15. Etyping is needed to zoom into the plots and individual plants An example can be found from Masuka et al 2012 Cell

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