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HTTP: prezentare generala

HTTP: prezentare generala. HTTP: prezentare generala. Web resources (1). URI, URN, ULR URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) URN (- // - Name) special URI semantic ID-role URL (- // - Locator) special URI semantic address-role HTML, XHTML Contents (HTML) Styles (CSS)

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HTTP: prezentare generala

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  1. HTTP: prezentare generala HTTP: prezentare generala

  2. Web resources (1) • URI, URN, ULR • URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) • URN (- // - Name) special URI semantic ID-role • URL (- // - Locator) special URI semantic address-role • HTML, XHTML • Contents (HTML) • Styles (CSS) • Dynamics (JavaScript) • XML • Definitions • DTD • Xml Schema • Parsing (SAX, DOM) • Translate (XSL, XSLT) • JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) • Definitions • Processing

  3. Web resources (2)

  4. URI, URN, URL Each web server resource has a name, so clients can point out what resources they are interested in. This resource name is called a uniform resource identifier, or URI The uniform resource locator (URL) is the most common form of resource identifier. URLs describe the specific location of a resource on a particular server. URLs specify protocol, server, and local resource: The second flavor of URI is the uniform resource name, or URN. A URN serves as a unique name for a particular piece of content, independent of where the resource currently resides.URNs are still experimental and not yet widely adopted.

  5. URI, URN, URL (2) <protocol>:[<user>@]<host>[:<port>][<path>][?<request>][#<fragment>] http://www.ubbcluj.ro http://www.ubbcluj.ro/cluj.html http://www.scs.ubbcluj.ro:8080/calcul/index.jsp?nr1=50&sir1=Ceva&nr2=40 http://www.scs.ubbcluj.ro:8080/calcul/medie?nr1=50&sir1=Ceva&nr2=40 http://www.cs.ubbcluj.ro/~florin/SO/index.html#ultimul http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI#Examples_of_URI_references file:/d:/agenda/departament/fisier.h file://home/cs/florin/Socket.pdf ftp://ftp.netscape.com/pub/Linux/shell mailto:pop@scs.ubbcluj.ro?subject=Test&body=Salut%oAtinere%20internaut Ports: 20 – FTPdate, 21 – FTPcontrol, 25 – SMTP, 37 – TIME, 80 – HTTP, 443 – HTTPS, 1099 – RMI Template: http://www.serv.com/user/{userid} http://www.serv.com/users/absd0157

  6. HTML, XHTML, Browsers Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari, Google Chrome, KDE etc.

  7. (X)HTML source (1) <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Primul document XHTML</title> <link rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" href="forma.css" /> <script src="rotire.js" type="text/javascript" language="javascript"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Primul exemplu XHTML</h1> <table> <tr> <td><img src="ubb.jpg"/></td> <td><img src="gb.jpg" id="poze"/></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Universitatea Babes-Bolyai</td> <td>Imagini panoramice din Cluj</td> </tr> </table>

  8. (X)HTML (2) Acesta este un document minimal XHTML. El arata structura de baza si conceptul de ancora. <p> Pentru informatii<br/> suplimentare despre XHTML se poate consulta: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/"> prezentare XHTML</a> </p> Daca doriti sa trimiteti un E-mail persoanei care a scris acest fisier, va rog sa o faceti. <address> Reperele persoanei sunt: <a href = "http://cs.ubbcluj.ro/~florin">pagina personala</a> si <a href = "mailto:florin@cs.ubbcluj.ro">email</a>. <br/> </address> <b>Remarcati diferentele intre modul de scriere in XHTML si ceea ce apare pe ecran. </b> </body> </html>

  9. CSS source body { background-color:yellow ; color: black; font-size: 20px; font-family: "Lucida Grande", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; } h1 { font-size: 28px; text-align: center; } table { border-collapse: collapse; } td { padding: 10px; border: 2px #666 solid; text-align: center; font-size: 24px; } img { width:300px; height:125px; }

  10. JavaScript source window.onload = rotate; var imagini = new Array("gb.jpg","biso.jpg","plib1.jpg","plib2.jpg"); var loc = 0; function rotate() { loc = (loc + 1) % imagini.length; document.getElementById("poze").src = imagini[loc]; setTimeout("rotate()", 1000); }

  11. Exemplu XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE biblioteca SYSTEM "biblioteca.dtd“><!-- Valabil la DTD --> <biblioteca><!-- Valabil la DTD --> <!--biblioteca xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="biblioteca.xsd"--><!-- Valabil la XSD --> <nume>Biblioteca personala</nume> <domeniu> <nume>Informatica</nume> <carte isbn="973-97535-5-8"> <titlu>De la aritmetica la calculatoare</titlu> <autor>Boian Florian</autor> </carte> <carte isbn="978-1-594-96-544-9"> <titlu>AJAX in lectii de 10 minute</titlu><autor>Ballard Phill</autor> </carte> </domeniu> <domeniu> <nume>Poezie</nume> <carte isbn="973-95660-2-2"> <titlu>Poezii</titlu> <autor>Octavian Goga</autor> </carte> </domeniu> <domeniu> <nume>Sanscrita veche</nume> </domeniu> </biblioteca>

  12. XML definitions (1) Tag de început: <nume [atr1="val1" . . . atrn="valn" ]> Tag de sfârşit: </nume> Tag scurt (tag vid): <nume [atr1="val1" . . . atrn="valn" ]/> Element: <nume [atr1="val1" . . . atrn="valn" ]> Continut </nume>

  13. XML definitions (2) Well formed XML Valid XML Root tag Escapes: <> " &&lt; &gt; &quot; &amp; <> " &&#60; &62; &34; &38; <![CDATA[ şir de caractere ignorat de parserul XML ]]>

  14. XML definitions (3): namespaces default, explicit Default: <tagRoot xmlns="URI_definire_spatiu_de_nume"> Explicit: <prefix:tagRoot xmlns:prefix="URI_definire_spatiu_de_nume"> Example: <definitions name="ProductService" targetNamespace="http://www.ecerami.com/wsdl/ProductService.wsdl" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://www.ecerami.com/wsdl/ProductService.wsdl" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsd1="http://www.ecerami.com/schema"> Use: <prefix:nume … > - - - </prefix:nume>

  15. DTD (Data Type Definition) <!ELEMENT biblioteca (nume,domeniu+)> <!ELEMENT domeniu (nume,carte*)> <!ELEMENT nume (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT carte (titlu,autor)> <!ELEMENT titlu (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT autor (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT isbn (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST carte isbn CDATA "0">

  16. XML Schema <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <xs:complexType name="TipCarte"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="titlu" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="autor" type="xs:string"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="isbn" type="xs:string"/> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="TipDomeniu"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="nume" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="carte" type="TipCarte" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="TipBiblioteca"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="nume" type="xs:string"/> <xs:element name="domeniu" type="TipDomeniu" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:element name="biblioteca" type="TipBiblioteca"/> </xs:schema>

  17. XSLT (eXtensible Stylesheet Language family Transformations) <html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <head><title>Lista biblioteci</title></head> <body><table border="1"> <xsl:for-each select="biblioteca/domeniu"> <tr><td colspan="2"><center><em> <xsl:value-of select="nume"/> </em></center></td></tr> <xsl:for-each select="carte"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="titlu"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="autor"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </xsl:for-each> </table></body> </html> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE biblioteca SYSTEM "biblioteca.dtd">  se va insera linia de indicare a transformării, adică: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="biblioteca.xsl"?> <!DOCTYPE biblioteca SYSTEM "biblioteca.dtd">

  18. Efect XSTL

  19. Parse SAX Python import xml.sax import xml.sax.handler import sys class Sax (xml.sax.handler.ContentHandler):   def __init__(self, isbn): self.isIsbn = 0 self.isTitlu = 0 self.isbn = isbn sp = xml.sax.make_parser() sp.setContentHandler(self) sp.parse("biblioteca.xml")   def startElement(self, qName, attributes): if qName == "carte": if attributes["isbn"] == self.isbn: self.isIsbn = 1 elif self.isIsbn == 1 and qName == "titlu" : self.isTitlu = 1   def characters(self, ch): if self.isTitlu == 1: print ch self.isTitlu = 0 self.isIsbn = 0 sax = Sax(sys.argv[1])

  20. Parse DOM Python import xml.dom.minidom from xml.dom.minidom import Node import sys class Dom(): def __init__(self, isbn): document = xml.dom.minidom.parse("biblioteca.xml") for carte in document.getElementsByTagName("carte"): if not carte.getAttribute("isbn") == isbn: continue titlu = carte.getElementsByTagName("titlu")[0] for node in titlu.childNodes: if not node.nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE: continue print node.data break dom = Dom(sys.argv[1])

  21. Exemple de parsari XML:

  22. JSON (1) { "nume": "Biblioteca personala", "domeniu": [ { "nume": "Informatica", "carte": [ { "isbn": "973-97535-5-8", "titlu": "De la aritmetica la calculatoare", "autor": "Boian Florian" }, { "isbn": "978-1-594-96-544-9", "titlu": "AJAX in lectii de 10 minute", "autor": "Ballard Phill" } ] }, { "nume": "Poezie", "carte": [ { "isbn": "973-95660-2-2", "titlu": "Poezii", "autor": "Octavian Goga" } ] }, { "nume": "Sanscrita veche", "carte": [ ] } ]}

  23. JSON (2) Număr – întreg sau flotant; String – şir cuprins între ghilimele, iar caracterele speciale din şir sunt evitate folosind '\'; Boolean – valorile true şi false; null; Obiect – colecţie neordonată cuprinsă între ghilimele ({ . . . }), de perechi nume: valoare, separate prin virgulă; Array – colecţie ordonată cuprinsă între paranteze drepte ([ . . . ]) de valori separate prin virgulă; Escapes: \” \\ \/ \b \f \n \r \t \uhhhh

  24. Sintaxa JSON (1)

  25. Sintaxa JSON (2)

  26. Processing JSON import json import sys class Json:   def __init__(self, isbn): continut = "" fd = open("biblioteca.json") while 1: linie = fd.readline() if not linie: break continut += linie.strip() fd.close() document = json.loads(continut) for domeniu in document["domeniu"]: for carte in domeniu["carte"]: if not carte["isbn"] == isbn: continue print carte["titlu"]  j = Json(sys.argv[1])

  27. Exemple de procesari JSON

  28. Transport de resurse (trazactie) HTTP • In plus, HTTP/1.1: • Acceptarea de cereri şi răspunsuri pe fragmente (chunks).folosind "subtranzacţii". • Suport pentru stabilirea de conexiune permanentă cu mai multe cereri pe conexiune. • Filtrarea resurselor solicitate:If-Modified-Since şi If-Unmodified-Since.

  29. Cerere si raspuns HTTP POST /cgi-bin/Cgi.cgi HTTP/1.1 Accept: text/plain, text/html, image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg From: nustiucine@nicideunde.com Accept-Language: ro Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.0) Host: florin:80 Connection: Keep-Alive Login=unUserOarecare&Password%3A=oParolaInClar HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: Microsoft IIS/4.0 Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 11:07:32 GMT Content-type: text/html Last Modified: Sun, 23 Nov 2003 11:07:32 GMT Content-Length: 77 <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Prima pagina</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY>Salut</BODY> </HTML>

  30. Prima linie cerere, prima linie raspuns • <NumeMetoda> <CaleSauURL> <VersiuneHTTP> • GET /cale/spre/fisier/index.html HTTP/1.0 • GET /cale/spre/fisier/index.html HTTP/1.1 • GET http://www.cs.ubbcluj.ro/home/studenti/note.html HTTP/1.1 • POST /cgi-bin/Cgi.cgi HTTP/1.1 • <VersiuneHTTP> <CodRăspuns> <StringRăspuns> • HTTP/1.0 200 OK • HTTP/1.1 200 OK • HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found • HTTP/1.1 100 Continue • HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified • HTTP/1.1 500 Server Error • HTTP/1.1 501 Not Implemented • CodRăspuns, categorii: • 1XX indică numai mesaje de informare. • 2XX indică mesaje de succes. • 3XX indică redirectarea clientului către un alt URL. • 4XX indică erori pe partea de client. • 5XX indică erori pe partea de server.

  31. HTTP headere

  32. HTTP MIME types

  33. HTTP Methods

  34. HTTP: prezentare generala ?

  35. TITLU

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