What are these figures?

1. 1 What are these figures? 36,376 9,838 38,060

2. Module three Topic two Driving safety

3. 3 Why Drive Safely? 1 Accident costs much Tourist expectation not met Driver expectation not met Government is concern 2 4 3

4. 4 Accident costs? • Physical damage • Property damage • Medical costs • Liability costs • 1. Damage to: • Your vehicle • Yours and passengers’ • property • Other vehicle/s • 2. Injuries.

5. 5 Driving Safety Statistics • Someone is • injured every 18 seconds • A person dies in a crash every 11 minutes • Over 2 million injuries annually are disabling • Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of death • 1 in 4 fatal work injuries involves a vehicle accident.

6. 6 Road Traffic Accidents: The modern Killer Globally 1.2 million die in road accidents every year A further 50 million areinjured The Global Status Report released by WHO this year confirms that road traffic injuriesare still a big global health and development problem. * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

7. 7 Global Road accident deaths * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

8. 8 Global deaths: income group Low income countries 21.5 deaths per 100,000 Middle income countries 19.5 deaths per 100,000 High income countries 10.3 deaths per 100,000 * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

9. 9 Global Deaths Vs Registered vehicles Population Road traffic deaths Registered vahicles High income countries Middle income countries Low income countries * Next Generation Healthcare/ WHO

10. 10 Viet Nam: number of accidents, deaths and injuries

11. 11 Viet Nam traffic accidents • Highest number of traffic accidents compared with other ASEAN countries • One of the highest number of traffic accidents in the world.

12. 12 Some accidents • DìnKý tourist boat • - 16 died • - Driver: no driving license • A collision between a tourist bus and a train in Hanoi: 9 died.

13. 13 Tourists expectation • Life is not at risk • Healthy and safe • Enjoy the trip and local • tourist attractions.

14. 14 Driver expectation • Safe and sound journey for ALL • No risks for driver’s own health • No damage for vehicles • No damage for others’ health and properties. • Achieve Company’s expectation of high standards of performance, including safe driving.

15. 15 Government’s efforts • National Traffic Safety Committee chaired by a Deputy Prime Minister • Provincial Traffic Safety Committee • Traffic safety campaigns • TV news programme on traffic safety every morning • Safety driving education

16. 16 Causes of traffic accidents in Vietnam 90% by Traffic attendants Less than 2% by Traffic infrastructure 1% by Traffic vehicle 60% accidents caused by drunken drivers

17. 17 Recognize Driving Hazards Do you identify the variety of driving hazards you could face on the road?

18. 18 Recognize Driving Hazards: Human Error - Drivers 1. Skills and experiences 2. Driving attitude 3. Personal moods and emotion 4. Reckless driving 5. Distracted driving 6. Fatigue, tired, … 7. Failure to keep vehicles in good operating condition 8. Driving under the influence.

19. 19 Driving hazards: Dangerous Conditions Bad weather Difficult road conditions Poor light or glare Poor visibility Heavy traffic Road work Accidents Vehicles 1 4 6 3

20. 20 Activity 3.2.5 Driving Hazards: Quiz Identify 5 driving hazards caused by human error • Reckless driving • Distracted driving • Fatigue • Aggressive driving • Vehicles in poor operating condition • Driving underthe influence

21. 21 Activity 3.2.5 Driving Hazards: Quiz Identify 5 driving hazards caused by dangerous conditions • Bad weather • Difficult road conditions • Poor light or glare • Heavy traffic • Road work • Accidents

22. 22 Factors that help driving safely Driving safely • Driver Vehicle The most important is the… • Environment

23. 23 Defensive driving  • Driving to save lives, time, and money, in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others • (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensive_driving) • Using knowledge and skills to drive in such a way that: • - Do not cause accidents • - Do not involve in accidents. • Not being in a conditions • to invite accident.

24. 24 FIVE key principles of defensive driving • Alertness • Foresight • Skill • Good judgment • Knowledge

25. 25 Activity 3.2.6 Posters: Steps of Defensive Driving Draw a picture that clearly presents the 5 steps of Defensive Driving! • Search or Scan • Identify • Predict • Decide • Execute

26. 26 • What are the • precautions • for defensive driving?

27. 27 Activity 3.2.7: Problem solving & experience sharing. How do you prepare your tourist vehicle in case of bad weather? Work in 3 groups of 6-8 persons for discussion (10 min.) and prepare for group presentation (3 min. max.): Group 1: Prepare taxi – mini bus – coach Group 2: Prepare motorbike – xeom Group 3: Prepare cyclo

28. 28 Pre-driving preparation Problem solving & experience sharing: How do you prepare your vehicle in case of bad weather: rain, sunny, … to serve tourist?

29. 29 Eliminate driving hazards: Pre-Drive Inspection Walk around inspection Windows clean, nothing blocking vision Lights working properly Mirrors properly adjusted Leaks under vehicle Tires

30. 30 Eliminate driving hazards: Vehicle Maintenance • Regular tune-ups and check: daily, weekly and periodically • Oil changes • Fluid levels • Brakes • Tire treads and pressure • Lights, signals, • and wipers, mirrors.

31. 31 Eliminate driving hazards Adults and children over 6 years who drive or sit on motorbike have to wear helmet. Wear a helmet

32. 32 Don’t Drink or Take Drugs and Drive • Alcohol and drugs impair: • - Ability to determine distances • - Reaction time • - Judgment • Vision • Some medicines can also make drivers drowsy (e.g. cold and flu meds, anti-histamines, etc.) • Remember: • - Only time, not coffee, will sober you up • - Ride with a designated driver.

33. 33 Eliminate driving hazards: Seat belts • Seat Belts • Saved many lives, both driver and passengers (if seat belts are provided) • Prevent crashing into steering wheel, dash or windshield • Keep us inside vehicle • Protect body organs • Improve chance of remaining conscious • Keep us behind the wheel if we have to swerve or brake suddenly. Fasten Seat Belts

34. 34 Eliminate driving hazards: Carrying a Load? • Don’t overload your vehicle or motor-taxi • Make sure everyone has a seat and a seat belt • Make sure cargo is properly secured • Be certain your vision is not blocked.

35. 35 Obey Traffic Rules & Use Common Sense • Speed limits • Traffic signs and signals • Signal your intentions: before overtaking, changing direction or reversing • Pass with care and only where allowed.

36. 36 Follow the 3-second rule Input text Input text

37. 37 Maintain a minimum safe distance with driver s in front Do not drive too close Foresee situations and avoid brake too urgently.

38. 38 Do you use mobile phone when driving? Should you? DO NOT. It makes you distracted ! You need to keep alert all the time. At the speed of 110 KM/Hours….. 45 Meters 39 Meters 35 Meters 31 Meters Normal Drink alcohol Using mobile phone (with headphone) Using mobile phone (in hands)

39. 39 Activity 3.2.8: Problem solving: Group Work Work in groups of 4-6 to solve driving problems. Each group must solve a problem (in 10 minutes) and present it to the rest of the class in 3 minutes for class discussion. • Group 1: - What would you do to keep alert and be prepared? - How can you avoid the unexpected collisions? • Group 2: - What should be considered when driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo, xeom, taxi,) in heavy rain or flooded street? - What do you do to adjust to weather & road conditions • Group 3: - What are extra care if driving at night and trouble with lights? - What would you do when passing an intersection? • Group 4: - What would you do for watching out for fatigue - What would you do if you get unexpected traffic? • Group 5: - What would you do when driving on a slope? - What would you do at a curve road?

40. 40 Activity 3.2.8: What would you do to keep alert & be prepared? – Group 1 • Keep your mind on your driving and your hands on the wheel • Scan the road ahead for problems • Check mirrors frequently • Expect the unexpected • Yield to other drivers who are determined to get there first

41. 41 Avoid Collisions Collision situations: Insert text Two-car collisions are among the most common kind of traffic accident Insert text Insert text Insert text

42. 42 How can you avoid the following unexpected collisions? Insert text Insert text Insert text Insert text

43. 43 How to break and stop safely? • Observe • Anticipate • Decide • Act • Time – Stop. • Brake & release: will help • Avoid skidding • Dry the break wheel • Check break if works • Alert the vehicle behind. • Break and stop urgently • may cause accidents!

44. 44 What is the safe parking distance? Tourist Minibus Meters

45. 45 What is the safe parking distance? Tourist coach Meters

46. 46 What is the safe parking distance? Motorbike Meters

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48. 48 Activity 3.2.8: What would you do & why? – Group 2 Problem solving: Driving tourists in a vehicle (cyclo , xeom, taxi, …) in heavy rain or flooded street?

49. 49 What do you do to adjust to Weather & Road Conditions • Slow down, maintain appropriate speed • Turn on lights and wipers • Increase following distance to 4 seconds • Avoid puddles • Beware of misty rain after a dry spell • Be prepared to handle a skid safely. Don’t break urgently • Beware oil on the road in wet weather • Don't impede the flow of traffic • Stop safely if necessary

50. 50 Activity 3.2.8 : What are extra care if driving at night & trouble with lights? – Group 3 • Keep windshield clean to improve vision • Turn lights on 1/2 hour before sunset • Increase following distance to 4 seconds • Be extra careful on curves and at intersections • Switch from high to low beams to keep from blinding other drivers • If you have trouble, pull completely off the road and use flashers.