Obesity-The World’s newest epidemic

1. Obesity-The World’s newest epidemic Nutritionist Developed by: David Ventura Nº6 9ºB Noé Bela Nº19 9ºB

2. Introduction • Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. Today it is estimated that there are more than 300 million obese people. Obesity is defined as a condition of excess body fat and is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders.

3. Obesity in Children’s • Children who regularly consume more calories than they use will gain weight. If this is not reversed, the child will become obese over time. Many different factors contribute to this imbalance between calorie intake and consumption.

4. Causes of Children’s Obesity: • Why do children become obese? One important factor is insulin, which enables the body to store extra calories as fat. Physical exercise helps control insulin levels, while certain foods elicit its massive release. A child who sits in front of the TV for hours on end, eating potato chips and doughnuts, is an ideal fat-storage machine.

5. Genetic Factors. • Obesity tends to run in families • A child with an obese parent, brother, or sister is more likely to become obese. • Genetics alone does not cause obesity. Obesity occurs only when a child eats more calories than he or she uses.

6. Socioeconomic Status and Dietary habits. • Low family incomes and having nonworking parents are associated with greater calorie intake for activity level • The popularity of television, computers, and video games translates into an increasingly sedentary (inactive) lifestyle for many children in the United States. • Children in the United States spend an average of over 3 hours per day watching television. Not only does this use little energy (calories), it also encourages snacking. • Fewer than half of children in the United States have a parent who engages in regular physical exercise. • Only one third of children in the United States have daily physical education at school.

7. Physical inactivity • The popularity of television, computers, and video games translates into an increasingly sedentary (inactive) lifestyle for many children in the United States. • Children in the United States spend an average of over 3 hours per day watching television. Not only does this use little energy (calories), it also encourages snacking. • Fewer than half of children in the United States have a parent who engages in regular physical exercise. • Only one third of children in the United States have daily physical education at school. • Parents’ busy schedules and fears about safety prevent many children from taking part in after-school sports programs.

8. Dangers of childhood obesity. • Obese children have a high risk of becoming obese adults. The surge of childhood obesity presages a global explosion of illnesses. Fully 9% of obese children and adolescents already suffer from a condition known as metabolic syndrome. A substantial fraction of obese children, for example, have elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, putting them at risk for atherosclerosis. Many obese children also have elevated blood-sugar levels, a precursor of Type 2 diabetes. As a result, complications like nerve and eye damage, which typically take years to develop, are appearing among people in their 20s.

9. Chronic diseases and Bad Alimentation • The diseases of having a bad alimentation it’s: • -Eating disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia; • -Staph Infections; • And more….

10. Anorexia and Bulimia • The two most common types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, more commonly known as anorexia and bulimia. The two disorders can be difficult to distinguish from each other because they have similar characteristics: With both anorexia and bulimia, the person will have a distorted image of his or her body. That person will seem to be obsessed with what he or she eats.

11. Warning Signs • Anorexia: • drops weight to about 20% below normal. • denies feeling hungry. • exercises excessively. • feels fat. • withdraws from social activities. • Bulimia: • makes excuses to go to the bathroom immediately after meals. • eats huge amounts of food, but doesn't gain weight. • uses laxatives or diuretics. • withdraws from social activities.

12. Staph Infections • Staph is the shortened name for Staphylococcus (pronounced: staf-uh-low-kah-kus), a type of bacteria. These bacteria can live harmlessly on many skin surfaces, especially around the nose, mouth, genitals, and anus. But when the skin is punctured or broken for any reason, staph bacteria can enter the wound and cause an infection.

13. Signs of Staph Infections • Folliculitis (pronounced: fuh-lih-kyoo-lie-tus) is an infection of the hair follicles, the tiny pockets under the skin where hair shafts (strands) grow. In folliculitis, tiny white-headed pimples appear at the base of hair shafts, sometimes with a small red area around each pimple. This occurs often where people shave or have irritated skin from rubbing against clothing. • A furuncle (pronounced: fyoor-un-kul), commonly known as a boil, is a swollen, red, painful lump in the skin, usually due to an infected hair follicle. The lump usually fills with pus, growing larger and more painful until it ruptures and drains. Furuncles are most frequently found on the face, neck, buttocks, armpits, and inner thighs, where small hairs can often be irritated. A cluster of several furuncles is called a carbuncle (pronounced: kar-bun-kul). A person with a carbuncle usually feels ill and feverish. • Etc….

14. Solutions for the Obesity • The Pyramid Plan can help choose the foods and amounts that are right. For a quick estimate of what and how much you need to eat, enter your age, sex, and activity level in the My Pyramid Plan box. • Make smart choices from every food group, • Find your balance between food and physical activity, and • Get the most nutrition out of your calories. • Try this link for the food pyramid • http://www.prof2000.pt/users/cpaulinha/webquest/index.htm

15. Vegetarian Options • What’s a vegetarian diet? • Some people follow a "vegetarian" diet, but there's no single vegetarian eating pattern. The vegan or total vegetarian diet includes only foods from plants: fruits, vegetables, legumes (dried beans and peas), grains, seeds and nuts. The lactovegetarian diet includes plant foods plus cheese and other dairy products. The ovo-lactovegetarian (or lacto-ovo vegetarian) diet also includes eggs. Semi-vegetarians don't eat red meat but include chicken and fish with plant foods, dairy products and eggs.

16. Are vegetarian diets healthful? • Most vegetarian diets are low in animal products. They’re also usually lower than non vegetarian diets in total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol. Many studies have shown that vegetarians seem to have a lower risk of obesity, coronary heart disease (which causes heart attack), high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and some forms of cancer.