Europe: Physical Geography

1. Europe: Physical Geography Notes

2. Europe • 2ndsmallest continent in land area • Shares land mass with Asia • Known as a “Peninsula of peninsulas” = encouraged sea travel and trade

3. The Shape of Europe • Collection of peninsulas: • Scandinavian • Jutland • Iberian • Apennine • Balkan • Crimean • Anatolian • Peloponnesian

4. The Shape of Europe • Long jagged • coastline • Surrounded • by: • Atlantic Ocean • Mediterranean • Sea • North Sea • Baltic Sea

5. The Shape of Europe • Scandinavian peninsula has narrow inlets called fjords

6. Northern Peninsulas Scandinavian Peninsula Jutland Peninsula

7. Southern Peninsulas Balkan Peninsula CrimeanPeninsula Apennine Peninsula Iberian Peninsula AnatoleanPeninsula • Peloponnesian • Peninsula

8. Mountains & Plains: “Giant Sandwich” • Northern Mts – older (top piece of bread)_ • Southern Mts – Younger & Steeper (bottom piece) • Alps – Spain to Greece-S • Pindus, Pyrenees, & Apennines – all shaped by glaciers-S • North European Plain: Major agriculture area (France to Poland) – (middle of sandwich)

9. The Land of Europe • North European Plain

10. The Land of Europe • Dense Forests • Black Forest in Germany

12. Moutains&Peaks Ural Mts. Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Dinaric Alps Apennines Mts. Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^ Mt. Etna ^

13. The Alps Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

15. Mt. Blanc in the Alps Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

16. The Caucasus Mountains The origin of the word Caucasian.

17. Transylvaniain the Carpathian Mountains Home of VladTepeš, theDrakul(“Count Dracula”)

18. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” 1500 miles Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia.

19. The Ural Mountains

20. Pyrenees Mountains- Spain and France

21. Glaciers

22. Seas & Oceans • Following Seas & Oceans touch Europe: • Baltic, North, Mediterranean, & Black • Atlantic & Arctic • Most Europeans live within 300 miles of major waterways.

23. Bodies of Water ArcticOcean AtlanticOcean North Sea Baltic Sea English Channel CaspianSea BlackSea Adriatic Sea AegeanSea Strait ofGibraltar Mediterranean Sea

24. Islands & Rivers • Iceland – volcanic activity • British Isles- Great Britain (England & Scotland) & Ireland • Several in Mediterranean Sea: • Rivers- good for trade, transportation (linked by canals), irrigation, and electricity production. • Rhine, Danube, Po, Seine, Thames, Rhone, Elle, Loire, Tiber, & Volga

25. Rhine River

26. Rhine River Map

27. The Danube River 1770 miles

28. The Danube River Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine.

29. The Volga River The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

30. The Volga River • The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

31. Resources • Energy • Nuclear Power, Hydroelectric, Gas & Coal • Rich farmlands in North European Plain • Waterways • Minerals • Coal & Iron– goods needed for the growth of the modern industrial age. (1800’s Industrial Revolution)