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Scientific Method

Scientific Method. Scientific Method. Scientific Method. What is scientific inquiry?. The ways in which scientists study the natural world…. …and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather. Scientific Method. What is scientific inquiry?.

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Scientific Method

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  1. Scientific Method

  2. Scientific Method

  3. Scientific Method What is scientific inquiry? The ways in which scientists study the natural world… …and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather

  4. Scientific Method What is scientific inquiry? If you have ever tried to figure out why your iPod or computer is not working… …you have used scientific inquiry

  5. The Scientific Method Begins with a problem or question about an observation

  6. Scientific Method Some questions cannot be answered by scientific inquiry Why has my iPod stopped working? What kind of music should I listen to on my iPod?

  7. Scientific Method Why has my iPod stopped working? This is a scientific question because it can be answered by making observations and gathering evidence

  8. Scientific Method What kind of music should I listen to on my iPod? This question has to do with personal opinions or values and is not a scientific question

  9. Scientific Method Which of the following questions can be answered by scientific inquiry? Is running a better sport than swimming? Does running make your muscles stronger than swimming? Which brand of running shoes looks best?

  10. Scientific Method Questions come from experiences or observations you have It is a really hot summer night You notice that the crickets are chirping louder than usual

  11. Scientific Method Begin posing questions… Why are the crickets chirping louder tonight? ?

  12. Scientific Method Individual/Group ActivityPosing Questions

  13. Scientific Method After choosing a topic to investigate and writing a testable research question Collect Information

  14. Scientific Method Collect Information Determine Variables

  15. Scientific Method What are variables? Variables are all the factors that can change in an experiment, possibly affecting the results

  16. Scientific Method Variables It is important that you test only one variable at a time

  17. Scientific Method Variables This way you can be sure it’s the one thing that caused the results

  18. Scientific Method In any Scientific Investigation there are 3 types of Variables IndependentDependentControlled

  19. Scientific Method The Independent (Manipulated) Variable The ONE factor or condition that is intentionally changed by the experimenter

  20. Scientific Method The Dependent (Responding) Variable The factor or condition that is affected by the independent variable

  21. Scientific Method The Controlled Variables All the factors or conditions that must be kept the same in an experiment

  22. Scientific Method The M&M Example Will M&M color dissolve faster in water or in vinegar?

  23. Scientific Method The M&M Example What is the Independent Variable? Type of liquid

  24. Scientific Method The M&M Example What is the Dependent Variable? Time it takes for color to dissolve

  25. Scientific Method The M&M Example What are the controlled variables? Color of M&M Amount of liquid Type of M&M

  26. Scientific Method Individual/Group ActivityVariables in Experiments

  27. Scientific Method Forming a Hypothesis What is a Hypothesis?

  28. Forming a Hypothesis Scientific Method A hypothesis is a special type of prediction that is a possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question

  29. Forming a Hypothesis Scientific Method When you form a hypothesis you are trying to answer your research question BEFORE you experiment

  30. Forming a Hypothesis Scientific Method Then you carry out investigations and gather evidence to prove or disprove your hypothesis

  31. Scientific Method

  32. Scientific Method Developing a Hypothesis Pose question - Do crickets chirp more when the temperature is higher? Hypothesis – cricket chirping increases at higher air temperatures

  33. Scientific Inquiry Developing a Hypothesis Remember - A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question

  34. Scientific Inquiry Developing a Hypothesis Important! A hypothesis is not a fact. It is one possible way to explain a group of observations

  35. Scientific Inquiry Developing a Hypothesis Maybe you had more windows open that night so the crickets sounded louder Maybe there were more crickets around that night

  36. Scientific Inquiry Designing an Experiment to test your hypothesis Hypothesis – cricket chirping increases at higher air temperatures How will you design your experiment?

  37. Scientific Inquiry Designing an Experiment to test your hypothesis Counting how many times crickets chirp when the temperature is high How will you know how many times the crickets would chirp at a lower temperature?

  38. Scientific Inquiry Designing an Experiment to test your hypothesis You need to observe crickets at different temperatures – the temperature is a variable

  39. Scientific Inquiry Designing an Experiment to test your hypothesis What is a variable? Variables are factors that can change during an experiment

  40. Scientific Inquiry Designing an Experiment to test your hypothesis Examples of Variables in your experiment would be… Type of crickets Type of container ?

  41. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables To test your hypothesis you purposely change one variable and make sure all other variables stay the same What variable are you purposely changing in this experiment?

  42. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables The temperature You need to observe crickets at different temperatures

  43. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables The one variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis is called… The Manipulated Variable (also known as the independent variable)

  44. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables The factor that may change in response to the manipulated variable is called… The Responding Variable (also known as the dependent variable)

  45. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables In this experiment the manipulated variable is… The air temperature In this experiment the responding variable is… The number of cricket chirps

  46. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables By keeping all variables the same (CONTROLLED) except for temperature… Identical containers Identical thermometers Identical leaves Identical crickets (type and number)

  47. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables …and manipulating only the variable of temperature… o Container 1 = 15 C o Container 2 = 20 C o Container 3 = 25 C

  48. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables …you will know that any difference in cricket chirping must be due to temperature

  49. Scientific Inquiry Controlling Variables An experiment in which only one variable is manipulated at a time is called… A Controlled experiment

  50. Scientific Inquiry Setting up a Controlled Experiment Suppose we decide to test the crickets at 15 C in the morning and the crickets at 20 C and 25 C in the afternoon… o o o Is this a controlled experiment?

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