1 / 19

APPLIED ASPECTS

APPLIED ASPECTS. Dr. Ahrsia V F Department of Physiology 29/9/18. TRANSPLANTATION. Autograft Isograft Allograft Xenograft Can transplant rejection be prevented??. Cytotoxic drugs : Azathioprine , cyclophosphamide , methotrexate Glucocorticoid therapy

nishi
Download Presentation

APPLIED ASPECTS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. APPLIED ASPECTS Dr. Ahrsia V F Department of Physiology 29/9/18

  2. TRANSPLANTATION • Autograft • Isograft • Allograft • Xenograft • Can transplant rejection be prevented??

  3. Cytotoxic drugs : Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate • Glucocorticoid therapy • Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, rapamycin • Monoclonal antibodies: Antilymphocytic globulin

  4. Immunotherapy • Malignant diseases • Cellular immunotherapy LAK cells: lymphokine activated killer cells • Cytokine therapy: interferon, IL-2 • Antibody therapy Monoclonal antibodies • Adjuvant therapy (Fruend’sadjuvent) Complete: killed tuberculin bacilli Incomplete: aluminium hydroxide

  5. Immunological disorders

  6. AUTOIMMUNITY Mechanisms • Hidden antigen/sequestered antigen • Mutation • Neoantigen • Cross reacting antigen • Unbalanced activity of helper T cell and suppressor T cell

  7. AUTOIMMUNITY Common conditions: • Autoimmune anemia • Grave’s disease • Insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus • Rheumatic fever

  8. Allergy • Hyper-reactive responses to an antigen which is usually tolerated by others. • Local allergy: • Systemic/Anaphylaxis:

  9. HYPERSENSITIVITY • Type I/ Anaphylaxis/ IgE mediated • Type II/ antibody mediated cytotoxicity • Type III/ immune complex mediated • Type IV/ Delayed hypersensitivity • Type V/ stimulatory

  10. HYPERSENSITIVITY • Type I/ Anaphylaxis/ IgE mediated • Type II/ antibody mediated cytotoxicity Incompatible blood transfusion • Type III/ immune complex mediated Glomerulonephritis • Type IV/ Delayed hypersensitivity Tuberculin test • Type V/ stimulatory LATS

  11. IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES Primary immunodeficiency • Humoral immune deficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia • Cellular immunedeficiencies Thymichypoplasia/ Di George syndrome • Combined • Complement immune deficiency • Phagocytic disorders Secondary immunedeficiency • Acquired immunedeficiency disease(AIDS)

  12. POLYCYTHEMIA Primary polycythemia Polycythemiavera Secondary polycythemia/erythrocytosis Appropriate increase • High altitude • Congenital heart disease with right to left shunt Inappropriate increase • Renal tumors, renal cyst • Liver tumors Relative polycythemia • Dehydration

  13. LYMPH, LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION AND ITS FUNCTIONS

  14. LYMPH Transudate formed from blood in the tissue spaces. Formation:

  15. Composition: • Protien : (2-6g/100ml) • Fat : chyle • Carbohydrates: less than plasma • Cellular content: • Ions: • Water:

  16. Lymph capillaries/ initial lymphatics: https://anatomybody101.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/picture-of-lymphatic-system-lymphcaps2.jpg

  17. Collecting lymphatics/ large lymph vessels: • Thoracic duct • Right lymphatic duct

  18. Lymphatic flow: • Intrinsic lymphatic pump Valves & smooth muscles • Pumping by external compression Contraction of muscles/ organs Movements of different parts of body Arterial pulsations • Negative inthrathoracic pressure • Suction effect of higher velocity blood flow in veins in which lymphatics terminate. • Interstitial fluid pressure

  19. Functions: • Prevents edema formation • Absorption of nutrients • Maintain protein content of plasma • Role in defence mechanism

More Related