1 / 9

CH.14 THE SOUTH CONFORMS

CH.14 THE SOUTH CONFORMS. Vijayanagara Administration Arts and literature. Foundation of Vijayanagara. Repercussions of events in the South Turkish Governor in the south revolted to establish- Bahmani kingdom

nira
Download Presentation

CH.14 THE SOUTH CONFORMS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CH.14 THE SOUTH CONFORMS Vijayanagara Administration Arts and literature

  2. Foundation of Vijayanagara • Repercussions of events in the South • Turkish Governor in the south revolted to establish- Bahmani kingdom • Harihara, Bukka were captured and let off after conversion to Islam to establish Sultanat in the South. • They reverted to Hinduism with the help of Guru Vidyaranya • Harihara crowned king at Hampi (Hastinavati) • An enthusiasm to support Hinduism from this initial step

  3. Vijayanagara • Harihara planned and built the city Vijayanagara • Large irrigation tanks were built • Forests were cleared for agricultural land • Large army- conflict between Vijayanagara and Bahmani was unavoidable • Bahmani kingdom declined in 1481 and in its place were foundede: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Golkonda, Bidara and Berar. • This was the period of greatest power for Vijayanagara: Krishnadevaraya

  4. Krishnadevaraya (1509-30) • His rule was the period of greatest power of Vijayanagara in South India • 1509- defeated the Bahmanis • But all the five Muslim kingdoms united later to defeat Vijayanagara • Conquered Orissa • 1364 defeated Malabar king

  5. Administration • Largest source of revenue was from land • The pattern of administration was largely similar to that of North India • Governor (Nayaka)- land revenue and military for the king • Land tax 1/6-1/3 depending on land • Commercial and industrial taxes • Tolls at the gate ways • Temple still the creditor- land holdings

  6. Artesans • High social status during Vijayanagara • Artesans guilds were controlled by merchant guilds- the guilds of traders • Foreign trade supported- Portuguese given facilities • Imported horses from Arabs later from Portuguese • Exported rice, Sugar, coconut, millet, dyes, sandalwood, spices, printed textiles

  7. Arts and literature • Elaborate architectural constructions • The cities of Vijayanagara and Hampi • Temples-Gopurams (gateways) became the common ornate feature so also the mandapams (pillared halls) • Saivism gained popularity as Vijayanagara tutelary deity was Virupaksha (Siva) • Bhakti cult is a the most popular practiced Hinduism

  8. Bhakti teacher of Maharashtra • Saints- Jnanadeva- translated the Bhagavadgita into Marathi • Namadeva- next saint to influence the religion of the South • The South Indian languages: Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Marathi were fully developed and had its own literature- some translations from Sanskrit religious texts • Sayana wrote commentaries on Vedas • Hemadri- translated the Dharmasastras

  9. Regional and cultural unit • Although a number of regional kingdoms and languages was common • Cultural unity of India was common • Common religion: Pilgrimage included cities in the North and South irrespective of who ruled these areas • Traders- allowed freedom to travel

More Related