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p. 378 – 386 in your book

p. 378 – 386 in your book. The Middle Ages -- Review . Europe years 500-1000 called the “Dark Ages” Continuous invaders from south (Magyars) and west (Vikings) Loss of security from Roman Empire DECENTRALIZATION Lead to a spiritual revival

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p. 378 – 386 in your book

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  1. p. 378 – 386 in your book

  2. The Middle Ages -- Review • Europe years 500-1000 called the “Dark Ages” • Continuous invaders from south (Magyars) and west (Vikings) • Loss of security from Roman Empire • DECENTRALIZATION • Lead to a spiritual revival • Church began restructuring / massive building projects (Cathedrals)

  3. Muslim, Jew, Christian…

  4. Historical Concept WestvsEast • Mycenaean Greeks • Athenians/Spartans • Alexander’s Campaigns • Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians • Crusaders • Israel • U.S. led coalitions • Trojans (Hittites) • The Persian Empire • The Persian Empire • Rise of Islam; Muslims and Turks • Muslims • Palestine • Iraq/Afghanistan

  5. Historical Concept WestvsEast

  6. The CrusadesWhat are they? • Muslim Turks threatening to conquer Constantinople (capital of Byzantine Empire) • Byzantine Emperor pleads for help • Pope Urban II – issued a call for a “holy war” to gain control of the Holy Land • Next 300 years littered with Crusades against the Muslims.

  7. The Crusades • Soldiers, trained killers, Knights and the Crusades: • http:What should we do with these trained killers? //www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-niTeTY7pw

  8. Goals of the Crusades • Economic • Merchants profited by giving loans to fund the journey • Leased ships to transport armies across Mediterranean • Take trade routes from Muslim traders • Social • Younger sons, who would not inherit property saw it as a chance to claim land • Get the violent knights out of Europe….fighting and destruction in another land. • Political • Get rid of fighting knights who threatened peace and church property • Religious • Reclaim Palestine and reunite Christians (was split East & West) • Stop Muslim attacks

  9. 1st and 2nd Crusades • All classes gathered in Constantinople • ill-prepared for war – didn’t know climate, geography, culture • No strategy and no leader • All were promised a spot in heaven • Most were French – Bohemians, Germans, Englishmen, Scots, Italians and Spaniards joined as well The First Crusade was launched in 1096

  10. 1st Crusade • An army of 12k approached Jerusalem, and besieged the city for a month • Capture the city in 1099 • Victory was a narrow strip of land • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGj_bOX9yGo&feature=related

  11. Textbook • Page 325 and 326

  12. 2nd Crusade • These newly formed Christian states were vulnerable to Muslim counterattack • 1144 – Edessa reconquered by Turks • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_Y748407hA • 2nd Crusade organized to recapture the city – it failed in 1187 • Jerusalem had been captured by Saladin a Muslim leader

  13. 3rd Crusade to Recapture Jerusalem • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXCJhNKQw3Q • Led by 3 of Europe’s most powerful monarchs • Phillip II of France • Frederick I of Germany • Richard the Lion Hearted of England • What eventually happened in 1192?

  14. The Consequences of the Crusades • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EF0uKNJyHj4 • What were some of the consequences of the Crusades?

  15. Consequences • a) Italian Merchants get rich equipping knights – ports of Italy busier than ever. • b) Important trade routes re-opened between Europe and the Middle East • c) New products introduced to Europe – silk, spices, fine cloth, technology • d) The remaining kings and lords in Europe become more powerful because enemies were killed in the Middle East

  16. Crusades -- Consequences • e) After the failure of the Crusades, the Middle East remains controlled by Muslim Turks = the Ottoman Empire until the end of World War I, 1918

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