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GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

GIS (Geographic Information Systems). MAP SHEETS. Zoning, Poly. Streams, Line. Wells, Point. Roads, Line. Buildings. Poly. GIS Overview. What is GIS?.

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GIS (Geographic Information Systems)

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  1. GIS(Geographic Information Systems) MAP SHEETS Zoning, Poly Streams, Line Wells, Point Roads, Line Buildings. Poly

  2. GIS Overview

  3. What is GIS? GIS (Geographic Information System): computer information system that can input, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced (spatial) data to support decision making processes.

  4. Tools for a GIS • Hardware • Computer • Printer / Plotter • Digitizer • Scanner • GIS Desktop Software (ESRI, Inc. – ArcView) • CAD Software (AutoDesk - AutoCAD) • Multimedia (Photos, Video, 3D Models) • World Wide Web (ESRI, Inc. – ARCIMS) • Personnel

  5. GIS Data Sources • Digitized and Scanned Maps • purchased, donated, free (Internet) • created by user • Data Bases– Tables of data • GPS– Global Positioning System • accurate locations • Field Sampling of Attributes • Remote Sensing & Aerial Photography

  6. Conventional Information Systems • Answer the following questions: • Who ? • What ? • When ? • Why ? • How ?

  7. GIS answers the following • Location:What is at...? • Condition:Where is it? • Trends:What has changed since...? • Patterns:What spatial patterns exist? • Modeling:What if…? Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge

  8. Data Data Data • Location DataHow Many? – What Kind? – Where? • Scale of DataGlobal to Local • Data Presentation Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, Maps, Photos

  9. GIS Data • Raster Images - grids • “pixels” • satellite images • aerial photos • Vector - grids • features: points, lines & polygons • attributes: size, type, length, etc.

  10. Databases • Not easy to interpret

  11. Visualizing Data A picture is worth a thousand words

  12. “Layers” of GIS Data Municipalities

  13. “Layers” of GIS Data Census Tracts

  14. “Layers” of GIS Data Lakes and Rivers

  15. “Layers” of GIS Data Polluting Companies

  16. “Layers” of GIS Data Schools

  17. GIS Connects Graphics to Data

  18. Maps and Databases are Interactive

  19. Queries and Restrictions

  20. GIS Turns Data Into Information

  21. GIS Examples

  22. GIS Applications • Business Site Location, Delivery Systems, Marketing • GovernmentLocal, State, Federal, Military • Economic Development Population Studies, Incomes, Census and Demographic Studies • Emergency ServicesFire & Police • EnvironmentalMonitoring & Modeling • IndustryTransportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare • Public HealthEpidemiology Studies • Urban PlanningLand Use, Historic studies, Environmental and Conservation Studies, Housing Studies, Crime Analysis • Politics Elections and Reappointment • EducationResearch, Teaching Tool, Administration Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed

  23. Global Example

  24. Number of AIDS Cases

  25. AIDS Cases per 10,000 persons

  26. National Level

  27. State Level Maps

  28. Percentage of Uninsured by Age Ages 19 - 64, 1999 Ages 0-18, 1999

  29. Demographic Studies Brookings Institution Report – Back to Prosperity

  30. Source: United States House of Representatives http://www.house.gov

  31. Source: The Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/elections/2004/pa/

  32. Higher Education Locations Note the proliferation of schools located in SW Pennsylvania where the majority of Competitive Districts lie. Source: 50States.com http://www.50states.com/college/penn.htm http://www.50states.com/cc/penn.htm Pennsylvania Commission for Community Colleges http://www. .pacommunitycolleges.org/content/blogcategory/14/40/

  33. School Location and Census Block Groups By District Competitiveness – 2006 Census Block Group centroids and 2-Mile buffers around each school. Using this method we can calculate how many people between 18-24 live within 2 miles of each school, and thus approximate how many persons 18-24 live in each Congressional District. Source: U.S. Census 2000

  34. Competitive and Moderately Competitive Districtsfor 2006 Election Source: U.S. Census Washington Post

  35. Regional Level

  36. Allegheny County Housing Data Data obtained from U.S. Census

  37. Children with Elevated Blood Levels Note: Cases aggregated to Census Tracts Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

  38. Cases Zoomed to Neighborhoods Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

  39. Cases Compared to Income Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

  40. Cases by Educational Attainment Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

  41. Environmental Analysis

  42. Neighborhood Level

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