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Welcome 9/23 AP Psych Starter: Get your BEST Experiment out. Population : Complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn
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Welcome 9/23 AP PsychStarter: Get your BEST Experiment out • Population: Complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn • Operational Definition: a specification of how a researcher measures a research variable. This allows for replication – the repeating of an earlier study • Random Sample: Everyone in your population has an equal chance of being selected • Double Blind procedure both researcher and participant are ignorant about which participants have actually received a specific treatment (BEST) • Placebo effect: inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits
BEST Experiment • Experimental condition: This allows up to exercise maximum control over the factors we are interested in studying (BEST). The experimenter manipulates factors to produce a particular behavior • Control Condition; In order to provide a baseline against which they can evaluate the effects of (BEST) experimenter will use a control group • Random Assignment: Each individual in random sample has an equal chance of being assigned to either group. • Independent Variable: The variable being manipulated- BEST • Dependent Variable: The variable being measured-Cavities
BEST Experiment Benefits Limits • Only means by which cause and effect can be established • Allows for control of variables • Can be replicated • An experiment is not typical of real life situations • Behavior may be limited because of lab setting • Demand Characteristics: cues that convey to the participant the purpose of the experiment • Confounding variables-an extraneous variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigation.
American Psychological Association Ethics • Obtain informed consent • Protect from harm or discomfort • Participant confidentiality • Explain research to the participants after the study has been completed
Statistical terms • Mean – Average of #s. Most likely to effected by a couple of outlier scores • Mode- # repeated most often • Median- The middle # • Range: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in distribution • Standard Deviation – arithmetic average of the distribution of scores - measure of the degree of variation amount a set of events • Correlation Coefficient: statistical measure most helpful for indicating strength of a relationship (+1 perfect positive, -1 perfect negative
Some things to make sure your review • Definition of psychology • False consensus • Illusory correlation • - and + correlation • W. James • W. Wundt • J. Watson • Psychology vs Psychiatry • Schools of psychology • Behaviorism • Evolutionary • Cognitive • Humanistic • Psychodynamic • Social Cultural • Neurobiological