PENNSYLVANIA GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY Climate Change Advisory Committee October 28, 2014

1. PENNSYLVANIA GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORYClimate Change Advisory CommitteeOctober 28, 2014

2. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri • State Inventory and Projection Tool • EPA's State Inventory and Projection Tool is an interactive spreadsheet model designed to help states develop greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventories and was developed to lessen the time it takes to develop an inventory (collecting data, identifying emission factors, etc.). The tool has two components: the state inventory tool and the projection tool.

3. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri How does the State Inventory Tool Work? Specific instructions for estimating emissions vary by emissions source and State Inventory Tool (SIT) module; however, the following basic steps apply for each module: 1- Select a state and any default variables or emission factors used throughout each module. 2- Complete calculation worksheets by selecting to use default data, or entering state-specific data. 3 - View results in both tabular and graphic formats 4 - Export results (for use in reports, or to use in the Synthesis Module and Projection Tool).

4. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri The 12 modules • Agriculture • CO2FFC • Coal • Electricity Consumption • Industrial Process • Land Use and Forestry

5. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri The 12 modules continued 7. Mobile Combustion 8. Natural Gas and Oil 9. Solid Waste 10. Stationary Combustion • Wastewater • Synthesis

6. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Agriculture Module Provides data on: • Dairy Cattle • Beef Cattle • Sheep • Goats • Swine • Horses

7. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Agriculture Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Enteric Fermentation • Manure Management • Soils – Plant – Residues & Legumes • Soils – Plant – Fertilizers • Soils – Animal • Agricultural Residue Burning

8. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Agriculture Results (2011)

9. CO2FFC Module CO2FFC Module Provides data on: • Carbon content by fuel • Storage factors by fuel • Energy consumption • By Fuel • By Sector

10. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri CO2FFC Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Residential use by fuel • Commercial use by fuel • Industrial use by fuel • Transportation use by fuel • Electric Power by fuel • Total combustion by fuel

11. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri CO2FFC Results (2012)

12. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri CO2FFC Results (2012) continued

13. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Coal Module Provides data on: • Active underground mines • Active surface mines • Inactive underground mines • Inactive surface mines

14. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Coal Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Active coal mining • Inactive mines that are vented • Inactive mines that are sealed • Inactive mines that are flooded

15. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Coal Results (2011)

16. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Electricity Consumption Module Provides data on: • Transmission loss factor • Residential electricity use • Commercial electricity use • Industrial electricity use • Transportation electricity use

17. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Electricity Consumption Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Residential (HVAC, Water Heating, Refrig) • Commercial (HVAC, Lighting, Office Equip) • Industrial (Indirect and direct use process) • Transportation (Commuter rail, light rail)

18. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Electric Consumption Results (2011)

19. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Electric Consumption Results (2011) cont.

20. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Electric Consumption Results (2011) cont.

21. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Industrial Process Module Provides data on: • Cement production • Lime manufacture • Limestone and dolomite use • Soda ash manufacture and consumption • Iron and steel production • HFC, PFC, and SF6 emission factors • Aluminum and Magnesium production

22. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Industrial Process Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Cement and lime manufacturing • Soda ash • Ammonia and urea • Iron and steel production • ODS & semiconductor • Distribution systems

23. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Industrial Process Results (2011)

24. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Land Use and Forestry Module Provides data on: • Urea fertilization • Settlement Soils • Urban trees • Yard trimmings • Above/below ground Carbon storage • Agricultural limestone

25. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Land Use and Forestry Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Forest Carbon flux • Liming of agricultural soils • Urea fertilization • Urban trees • Landfilled yard trimmings • Forest fires • Settlement soils

26. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Land Use and Forestry Results (2010)

27. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Mobile Combustion Module Provides data on: • Highway vehicles • Aviation • Boats and vessels • Locomotives • Other non-highway sources • Alternative fuel vehicles

28. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Mobile Combustion Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Gasoline – Highway • Diesel – Highway • Non-Highway (planes, boats, trains) • Alternative fuel vehicles • Highway and AFV by fuel type • Off-road by fuel type

29. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Mobile Combustion Results (2011)

30. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Mobile Combustion Results (2011) continued

31. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Natural Gas and Oil Module Provides data on: • Total number of gas wells • Miles of gathering pipeline • Total number of gas processing plants • Miles of distribution pipeline by type • Venting and flaring • Petroleum production

32. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Natural Gas and Oil Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Natural Gas (Production and Transmission) • Petroleum (Production) • CH4 emission by • Production of Natural Gas • Transmission of Natural Gas • Distribution of Natural Gas • Production of Petroleum 4. Natural Gas Flaring

33. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Natural Gas and Oil Results (2011)

34. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Solid Waste Module Provides data on: • Annual MSW disposal • Annual MSW combusted • CH4 sent to flare • CH4 sent to LFGTE • Industrial landfills

35. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Solid Waste Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Landfills • Waste combustion • CH4 from landfills • CO2 from specific forms of waste • Plastics • Synthetic rubber • Synthetic fibers

36. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Solid Waste Results (2011)

37. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Solid Waste Results (2011) continued

38. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Solid Waste Results (2011) continued

39. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Stationary Combustion Module Provides data on: • Emission factor for CH4 and N2O by fuel • Fuel use for residential • Fuel use for commercial • Fuel use for electric power • Fuel use of industry

40. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Stationary Combustion Module Calculates GHG emissions of CH4 and N2O for each of the following: • Residential • Commercial • Industrial • Electric Power

41. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Stationary Combustion Results (2012)

42. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Wastewater Module Provides data on: • Industrial wastewater for specific industries • Fruits and vegetables • Red meat • Poultry • Pulp and paper 2. Municipal wastewater 3. Population

43. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Wastewater Module Calculates GHG emissions from: • Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) • Industrial WWTP

44. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Wastewater Results (2011)

45. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Synthesis Module • Compiles results from the 11 modules. • Displays results by the following: • Sector (Energy, Industrial, Agriculture, Land-Use, Waste, and Electricity Consumption) • By Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) • By emission intensity (Per Capita, Gross State Product

46. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Synthesis Results (2010)

47. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Synthesis Results (2010) continued

48. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Projection Tool Fossil Fuel Consumption • Obtained regional energy consumption projections from the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook 2012. This report is accessible online at: http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/. Energy consumption by sector (e.g. residential) and source (e.g., motor gasoline) for 9 regions was projected. • Projected regional consumption was disaggregated to state-level estimates by applying the proportion of consumption in 2010 from EIA’s State Energy Data 2011 Consumption tables (EIA 2012). This data is available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/states/_seds.html.

49. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Projection Tool CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Consumption • To calculate CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption, energy consumption was multiplied by a fuel-specific carbon coefficient and combustion efficiency. • The carbon coefficients and combustion efficiencies were provided by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. For annually variable carbon content coefficients, 2011 values were used for all projections. • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the industrial sector are calculated by first subtracting non-energy consumption multiplied by carbon storage factors from the energy consumption for each fuel type. • For industrial fuels and transportation lubricants, fuel consumption is adjusted to account for non-energy use. Total consumption is multiplied by the national percentage of fuel consumed for non-energy use and the average fuel-specific carbon storage factor, as found in the U.S. EPA's Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011. • The proportion of fuels consumed for non-energy purposes in 2011 was applied to projected consumption estimates.

50. Headings : White Text 40 pt. Calibri Projection Tool CO2 Equivalent Emissions from Electricity Consumption • To calculate CO2 Eq. emissions from electricity consumption combustion, electricity consumption was multiplied by a state-specific emission factor and transmission loss factor. Emissions factors and transmission factors were derived from eGRID 2012 v1.0 estimates. • Projected regional estimates of electricity consumption through 2030 are from EIA's Annual Energy Outlook. Projected regional consumption was disaggregated to state-level estimates by applying the proportion of electricity consumption in 2011 from EIA’s State Energy Data 2011 Consumption tables (EIA 2013). This data is available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/states/_seds.html.