12/9/09 Pds. 2&3,8&9 L1

1. 12/9/09 Pds. 2&3,8&9 L1 Aim: What effects did WWI have on Women & African Americans? Do Now: We return. We return from fighting. We return fighting. -W.E.B. Du Bois *What question does it raise? *What message is Du Bois sending? *To whom is he speaking?

2. I. The Impact & Aftermath of War A. Effects on Women 1. some women went to work in in male-dominated fields such as weapons factories a) many women served overseas with the Red Cross and the Salvation Army b) most worked in traditionally female jobs for which there was an increased demand 2. with the return of male workers, women were expected to quit their jobs after the war ended

3. 3. btw 1910 & 1920 only 500K more women were added to the workforce 4. by 1930 10.5m women were working outside the home making up 22% of the workforce a) most working women were single, widowed or divorced b) most Americans still believed married women belonged at home, where 90% were to be found c) traditional female jobs & traditionally low paying & low status jobs, 20% worked in better paying jobs

4. 5. Women’s Bureau created in 1920 part of the Dept of Labor a) tried to improve working conditions for women from inside the gov’t & provided data about working women 6. 1920 women voted in a national election for the first time a) NAWSA reorganized itself as the nonpartisan League of Women Voters to encourage women to play a greater role in politics

5. B. Effects on African Americans 1. most African American civil rights leaders supported WWI a) 400K African American troops served in WWI b) were assigned to segregated units & often worked as laborers (discrimination was common) c) African Americans who saw combat served with distinction

6. d) several African American regiments fighting alongside of French troops were honored by that nation e) many returning African American soldiers questioned why the liberties & freedoms they had fought to preserve in Europe were denied to them in their own country 2. WWI accelerated the migration of African Americans to northern cities a) the migration began after the Civil War

7. b) 1910-1920 southern agricultural jobs were lost to floods & to crop damage c) about 500K African Americans moved from the South to jobs in the industrial North d) wartime immigration ban produced an additional need for workers to replace those in uniforms e) after the war, northward migration continued until the 1940’s almost 2m African Americans left the S f) they were usually able to improve their economic situation, still faced segregation & some race riots

8. C. Effect on Immigrants 1. war had harsh consequences for immigrant families 2. further immigration to the US was halted 3. many immigrant families in the US already faced fierce discrimination in an anti-foreign climate whipped up by the war