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Soul in Motion

Soul in Motion. Jain Beliefs. Fundamental Beliefs Every Soul is Individual, Independent, and Eternal Soul and Karma exist from Eternity Karma is attached to the Soul from Eternity Karma is the root cause of all Sufferings

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Soul in Motion

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  1. Soul in Motion

  2. Jain Beliefs • Fundamental Beliefs • Every Soul is Individual, Independent, and Eternal • Soul and Karma exist from Eternity • Karma is attached to the Soul from Eternity • Karma is the root cause of all Sufferings • The Principles governing the successions of life cycles (Birth, Life, and Death) is Karma. • Our Intention behind our actions of body, mind, and speech continues to bind us with new Karma. • Ultimate goal of life is Liberation of all Karma • Two Types of Soul • Liberated Soul (Siddha) • Worldly Soul (Samsari)

  3. Liberated Soul • Free from all Karma • Known as Siddha or God • Possesses Infinite (Perfect) Knowledge, Vision, Power, Bliss • Has No Physical Body • Free from Cycle of Birth and Death • Free from Pain and Pleasure • Infinite number • Lives in Moksha

  4. Worldly (Samsari) Soul • Covered with Karma (Matter) • Wonders in a Cycle of Birth and Death • Doer of all Karma (Actions) • Recipient of Fruits of Karma • Feels Pain and Pleasure • Possesses Limited Knowledge, Vision, Power, Bliss • Possesses Physical Body (Matter) • Contraction and Expansion • Infinite Number • Capable of becoming Free/Liberated

  5. Karma • Karma is a matter (Pudgal) and hence it possesses all characteristics of matter • No consciousness / knowledge • Very fine particles • Can not be seen/feel/verified • Entire Universe is filled with Karma Particles

  6. Soul in Motion • Because of Karma - Soul migrates • from One body to another body • from One place to another place • Lowest State - Soul of Nigod or Kandmul (Root Vegetable) • Every Soul's Journey Begins from this State • Short lived Life • Continuously reborn in the same State for a long period • Millions of Souls share one physical body • Highest State - Liberated Soul • Final Destination of Soul • Remains for ever • No more Birth and Death cycle • Blissful state • Resides at the Top of Lokakas - Moksha

  7. Classification of Worldly Soul • According to Number of Senses • Touch, Taste, Smell, Sight, Hearing • One Sense - Ekendria • Plant as body - Vanaspatikaya • Earth as body - Prithvikaya • Water as body - Apakaya • Fire as body - Agnikaya • Air as body - Vayukaya

  8. Classification of Worldly Souls • Two senses - Beindriya • worms, leeches • Three senses - Treindriya • ants, lice • Four senses - Chaurendriya • flies, bees • Five senses - Panchendriya • animals, human, heavenly, hellish etc.

  9. Classification of Worldly Soul • Four Major Category • Plants, Birds, and Animals (Tiryanch) • Hell-creatures (Naraki) • Heavenly beings or gods (Deva) • Humans (Manushya) • Ability to Liberate from Karma • Where do they Live?

  10. Jain Universe Jain Universe Akas (Space) Lokakas Jiva and A-jiva Exist Height - 14 Rajlok A-lokakas Empty - Void Infinite

  11. Jain Universe • Total Height = 14 Rajlok • Upper world height = 7 Rajlok • Middle world height = 1800 Yojans • 900 Yojan up from surface • 900 Yojan down from surface • Width = 1 Rajlok • Lower world height = 7 Rajlok • Lokakas Volume = 343 Cubic Rajlok as per Digambar • Lokakas Volume = 239 Cubic Rajlok as per Swetambar

  12. Yojan and Rajlok Measurement • Yojan • 1 Danda or Bow = 6 feet • 2000 Danda or Bow = 1 Kosha • 4 Kosha = 1 Yojan (@ 9.0 miles) • another book gives different measurement • 1 Dhanu = 6 feet • 4000 Dhanu = 1 Yojan (@4.5 miles) • 1000 Yojans = 1 Mahayojan • Rajlok or Rajju • A distance traveled by a deva (heavenly being) in six months at a rate of 2,057,152 Yojan in one samay (Samay = smallest unit of time = @1/4 second) or • The distance traveled in six months by a ball of iron weighing 1,000 bhar (1000 tolas or 25 lb.) let fall freely from Indralok (heaven). • = @1.15 x 10E21 miles

  13. Universe (Lokakas) • Total Height = 14 Rajlok • Upper world height = 7 Rajlok • Middle world height = 1800 Yojans • 900 Yojan up from surface (center) • 900 Yojan down from surface (center) • Width = 1 Rajlok • Lower world height = 7 Rajlok • Lokakas Volume = 343 Cubic Rajlok (Digambar) • Lokakas Volume = 239 Cubic Rajlok (Swetambar)

  14. Universe (Lokakas) • Who Lives Where? (Residents) • Upper World • Liberated Souls (Moksha) • Vaimanik devas • 12 /16 Devaloks, 9 Graivek, 5 Anuttar devas • Middle World • Jyotishka devas (above 900 yojans) • Humans, Tiryanch (on surface) • Vyan vantar devas (below 900 yojans) • Lower World • Bhavanpati devas • Narakis

  15. Upper World • Height = 7 Rajlok or Rajju • Consist of • Moksha • 5 anuttaras, • 9 graiveks, • 12 or 16 devloks, • Liberated Souls - lives in Moksha • Vaimanik devas • Higher Vaimanik devas • Graiveks and Anuttara devas • Each deva is independent • Anuttara devas attain liberation either in next birth or third birth • Lower Vaimanik devas • organized like earthly kingdoms - • rulers (Indra), counselors, guards, followers, armies

  16. Middle World • Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below earth surface • Residents • Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth • Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc......) on the surface • Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below earth • Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World • Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents) • World of Human (manushya_lok) consist of two and half continents • Jambudvip, Dhataki_khanda, and half of Puskara_dvip

  17. Middle World • Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below earth surface • Residents • Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth • Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc......) on the surface • Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below earth • Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World • Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents) • World of Human (manushya_lok) consist of two and half continents • Jambudvip, • Dhataki_khanda, and • half of Puskara_dvip

  18. Jyotishka Devas • Distance from Earth surface • Stars (Tara) = 790 yojans • Sun (Surya) = 800 yojans • Moon (Chandra) = 880 yojans • Constellation (Nakshatra) = 884 yojans • Planets (Graha) • Mercury (Budha) = 888 yojans • Vinous (Shukra) = 891 yojans • Jupiter (Guru or Brahaspati) = 894 yojans • Marsh (Mangal) = 897 yojans • Saturn (Shani) = 900 yojans • Remaining planets = 888 to 900 yojans

  19. Mount Meru • Jyotishka Devas • Distance from Earth surface • Stars (Tara) = 790 yojans • Sun (Surya) = 800 yojans • Moon (Chandra) = 880 yojans • Constellation (Nakshatra)= 884 yojans • Planets (Graha) • Mercury (Budha) = 888 yojans • Vinous (Shukra) = 891 yojans • Jupiter (Guru) = 894 yojans • Marsh (Mangal) = 897 yojans • Saturn (Shani) = 900 yojans • Remaining planets= 888 to 900 yojans

  20. Mount Meru

  21. Number of Jyotishka Devas (Two and Half Continents) Location Moon Sun Planet Constellation Stars Jambu 2 2 176 56 133,950E14 Lavan 4 4 352 112 267,900E14 Dhataki 12 12 1056 336 803,700E14 Kalodadhi 42 42 3696 1176 2,812,950E14 Pushkar 72 72 6336 2096 4,822,200E14 Total 132 132 11696 3696 8,840,600E14 • Only stars are in 10 million X 10 million unit (10E14)

  22. Jambudvip • Center of the Middle World • Diameters 100,000 yojans • Mount Meru is at the center • Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns • Six mountains run from East to West, divide into seven huge continents • Each continent is watered by two great rivers

  23. Jambu-dvip • Center of the Middle World • Diameter 100,000 yojans • Mount Meru is at the center • Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns • Six mountains run from East to West, divide into seven huge continents • Each continent is watered by two great rivers

  24. Jambu-dvip • Seven Continents and Six Mountains • Airavata (North) • Rakta and Raktoda Rivers • Shikhari Mountain • Airanyavant • Rupyakula and Suvarnakula Rivers • Rukmi Mountain • Ramyak • Narkanta and Narikanta Rivers • Nil Mountain • Mahavideh (Middle) • Sitoda and Sita Rivers • Nishidh Mountain • Harivarsha • Harikanta and Harita Rivers • Mahahimvant Mountain • Himavant • Rohitasya and Rohita Rivers • Himvant Mountain • Bharata (South) • Sindhu and Ganga Rivers

  25. Karma and Akarma Bhumi • Karma_bhumi (Land of Action) • Three Continents • Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideh • Tirthankars are born only in Karma_bhumi • Religion exist and Liberation is possible • Akarma_bhumi (Land of No Action) • Four Continents • Hemavat, Harivarsha, Ramyak, Hiranyavat • Two Sub_continents of Mahavideh • Devkuru and Uttarkuru • Congenital pairs (yugalins) live • Land is adorned with wish-granting trees (kalpa_vraksa) and magnificent ponds. • No Tirthankar is born • No Religion and hence no liberation

  26. Bharat-kshetra (Our World)

  27. Bharat_kshetra • Located in the Southern part of Jambudvip • Vaitadhya mountain runs from East to West in the middle (width 50 yojan) divides into two halves (North and South) • Two rivers (Ganga and Sindhu) run from North to South. They divide each North and South sections into three sub_continents • Mountain has two tunnels connecting North and South section • Chakravarti king rules all six sub_continents (only he can pass through the tunnels) • Vasudev king rules three sub_continents • Southern middle sub_continent is known as Arya_kshetra • Remaining five sub_continents are known as Anarya_kshetra (Malechchha) • Tirthankar is born only in Arya_kshetra

  28. Mahavedah_kshetra • Mount Meru is located at the center. It is buttressed by the two Vaksara mountain ranges which surround two countries known as Uttara_kuru and Deva_kuru. • Both Kurus are Akarma_bhumi and where congenital pairs (yugalins) live. • Two rivers (Sita and Sitoda) divides into four parts • Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest • Each part has 8 sub_continents - • Total 32 sub_continents known as 32 vijays • A Tirthankar may born in each vijay • At present four Tirthankaras exist as follows • Northeast (Ishan) - Simandhar_swami (8th vijay) • Southeast (Agni) - Yugamandhar_swami (9th vijay) • Southwest (Nairutya) - Bahu_swami (24th vijay) • Northwest (Vayavya) - Subahu_swami (25th vijay)

  29. Manushya_Lok (World of Humans) • Humans reside only in Two and Half dvips (continents) • Jambudvip • Dhataki_khanda • Half of Puskara_dvip • Dhataki_khanda is twice as large as Jambudvip. It has twice the number of mountains, rivers and continents of Jambudvip. • Puskara_dvip is twice as large as Dhataki_khanda but humans reside only in half of Puskar dvip. Hence it has also twice the number of mountains, rivers, and continents of Jambu_dvip.

  30. Manushya_Lok (World of Humans) cont.. • Hence Manushya_lok consist of: • Fifteen Karma_bhumi, • Five Bharat_kshetra, • Five Airavat_kshetra, • Five Mahavideh_kshetra (includes Five Mount Meru), • Thirty Akarma_bhumi. • Human population of Manushya_lok is 10E29 • Outside Manushya_lok • Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist • Liberation is attained only from Karma_bhumi of Manushya_lok

  31. Nandishwar-dvip 52 Eternal Temples

  32. Lower World • Residents • Narakis (Hellish) • Bhavanvasi devas • Naga_kumar, Asur_kumar, Padmavati • 7 infernal regions (Narakis) • 1st region = 1 Rajju wide • 7th region = 7 Rajju wide • Each infernal region is made up of • Clay, • Ice (solid water) • Solid air (ghan vayu) • Thin air (tan vayu) • Space (akas)

  33. Lower World continue.. • Suffering increases from 1st to 7th Hell (Narakis) • Burning heat • Intense cold • Nauseous smells • Unquenchable thirst • Insatiable hunger • Unavoidable torture from each other • Ill treatment from Asuras (upto 3 Narakis)

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