The Age of Exploration!

1. SSWH10: The student will analyze the impact of the age of discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa and Asia.

2. The Age of Exploration! Magellan

3. Why did Exploration happen when it did? 1. A variety of factors all came together to make the time period (1450-1700) the "age of Exploration" 2. Some of these factors were pushes, external forces acting on Europe 3. Some of the factors were pulls, motivations and things that attracted the Europeans

4. The Scientific revolution gave the 
​Europeans the devices they would 
​need for long distance travel and 
​exploration. Some of the most 
​important inventions were: The Caravel -- The Magnetic compass -- The astrolabe --

6. 6th Century BC Map

7. Map from the 1570's

8. The European maritime exploration that followed 1450 upset the known world, ending American isolation and bringing about greater global interaction. It began with Prince Henry “The Navigator” of Portugal who encouraged his country's maritime exploration to the South, aiming to sail around Africa to gain access to the Asian spice trade.

10. Portuguese Trading Empire Portugal led the way for exploration and used their fleets beginning in Africa. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the southern tip of Africa, followed by Vasco DaGama who sailed into the Indian Ocean, reaching India in 1498. There DaGama established direct trade with India, bypassing the Italian and Muslim merchants who controlled the overland trade routes.

11. Motives and Means Europeans began to expand, first Portugal and Spain, then Dutch, England and France. One of the main reasons for exploration was to expand trade, another was for religious reasons and the last was for the glory of their country. "God, glory and gold"

12. The First G: Gold Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for, but remember that it is really wealth, not just literal gold that explorers were after. Europeans also desired spices and other natural resources that would come to be sold for profit as well (timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.)

14. The Second G: Glory Came out of the Renaissance ideal of 
​Humanism, and the focus on individual 
​achievement With the rise of the printing press, the 
​idea of gaining fame for one's actions was 
​possible Also, individual kings wanted glory for 
​their kingdoms, competition spreads

15. The Third G: God As members of a universalizing religion, 
​Europeans had always seen spreading 
​Christianity as a good thing Colonization will become a race to 
​convert native peoples to a particular brand of Christianity Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the 
​most active missionaries

16. Mercantilism - based on the idea that countries need a large supply of gold and silver to have prosperity. - the best way to accumulate gold and silver is by exporting gold. - colonies should be established to provide raw materials for production of finished goods; colonies then become markets for those finished goods. "colonies exist solely for the betterment of the mother country"

17. Lets take a minute to write! Answer the following questions fully and in AT LEAST a paragraph! 1. Of the three primary motives for European Exploration which do you feel is most important? Least important? Why? 2. Which of the three do you think had the greatest historical impact? Why? (turn in when you are done!)

18. Voyages to America Inspired by Portugal's maritime success, Christopher Columbus looked for a shorter route to India by heading West through the Atlantic instead of South around Africa. Once others realized he had discovered new land there was a race to claim it.

19. Columbus's travels

21. Spanish Empire The conquistadors came in and took over many areas of South America. Although many areas were discovered they were torn apart by the European systems creating a new social system in South America.

22. Spanish Empire In 1519, Hernan Cortez sailed to Mexico and conquered the Aztecs. Francisco Pizarro traveled south to conquer the Incan Empire, claiming land for Spain from Ecuador to Chile. These unlikely victories were made possible with the help of local dissidents, guns, horses, and a smallpox epidemic that severely weakened the Amerindians. These conquests were notable for the ways the Spanish plundered resources and forced conversion to Christianity.

24. Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange refers to the large-scale exchange of plants, diseases, animals, and people between the eastern and western hemispheres following Columbus’ first voyage to what would become known as the Americas. For example, mainstay crops of many countries around the world were not found in those countries prior to the Columbian Exchange.

27. Important Explorers! Christopher Columbus: Italian who sailed for Spain. Credited for discovering America, he thought he was in India. He sailed longer without making landfall than any other documented European explorer of the time. He helped establish a permanent European settlement on the island of Hispaniola and facilitated contact between Europe and the inhabitants of what would become the Americas. Vasco da Gama: Portugal, credited with discovering a route through the Cape of Good Hope, around the tip of Africa. Helped Portugal establish strategic positions along the Indian Ocean in order to control trade routes in the region

28. Ferdinand Magellan: Portuguese, sailed for Spain. Credited with being the first person to circumnavigate the globe. Provided proof for the widely held belief that the world was spherical. Magellan himself did not complete the journey; he was killed in the Philippines James Cook: Britain; in the late 1700s, claimed Australia and New Zealand for Britain Click 
​me

29. Important Explorers! Francisco Pizarro: Credited as the Spanish explorer and conqueror who defeated the Inca Empire and claimed most of South America for Spain. Samuel de Champlain: Established French colony in N. America named Quebec City, instrumental in establishing a trade route between France and "New France" (Quebec City: Canada).

30. Important Explorers! Vasco Nunez de Balboa: Spanish explorer and crossed Panama, reaching the Pacific Ocean and confirming that the New World was not part of Asia For their part, English, French, and Dutch explorers began to look for a Northwest Passage to Asia. These included Jacques Cartier who explored the St. Lawrence River and Henry Hudson who explored the Hudson River.

31. Zheng He:China; between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He led the massive Chinese fleet (62 ships measuring 400 feet) on voyages to show off the Emperor’s wealth and power to Africa, India, and Southeast Asia Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide!

32. Christopher Columbus Vasco Nunez de Balboa Vasco da Gama Ferdinand Magellan. Francisco Pizarro. Samuel de Champlain

34. Vasco da Gama's route

38. Slave Trade Videos on the stars! Slave Trade was not new; it existed in Africa before the Europeans. Grew in the 15th Century Slaves were used primarily on plantations in the beginning the plantations grew sugarcane The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as the middle passage The desire for Africa to constantly provide slaves led to warfare in Africa About 10 million Africans were shipped to the Americas between the 16th-19th Centuries

40. Slave Ship Sharks followed the slave ships

41. Slaves Working in a Sugar Mill

42. Lets Answer together... 1. What was distinctive about the Atlantic slave trade? 2. What did it share with other patterns of slave owning and slave trading? 3. What explains the rise of Atlantic slave trade? 4. What roles did Europeans and Africans play in the unfolding of the Atlantic slave trade? 5. In what different ways did the Atlantic slave trade transform African societies?

43. Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade Areas the Portuguese took over became small settlements along the “spice Islands” The Dutch came in and took over the trade power the Portuguese had There were many mainland states but they could not come together to drive the Europeans out Because of trade the religions of southeast Asia began to change

44. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 and the Pope's Line of Demarcation

46. America named after Amerigo Vespucci

48. Impact of European Expansion Native populations ravaged by disease. Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. Deepened colonial rivalries.

49. Attachments Introducing_Ferdinand_Magellan_and_the_Great_Age_of_Exploration.asf The_Shipyards_of_Portugal.asf The Columbian Exchange_ Crash Course World History #23.mp4 Animaniacs - The Ballad of Magellan.mp4 The_Slave_Trade.asf