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Internal forces shaping the earth ch. 4.1

Internal forces shaping the earth ch. 4.1. Earth’s Layers:. Core – Inner: solid metallic center of Earth Outer: liquid metallic center of Earth Mantle – soft layer of molten rock (Magma) floating on the core Crust – thin layer of rock at the surface. Volcanoes –

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Internal forces shaping the earth ch. 4.1

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  1. Internal forces shaping the earthch. 4.1

  2. Earth’s Layers: • Core – • Inner: solid metallic center of Earth • Outer: liquid metallic center of Earth • Mantle – • soft layer of molten rock (Magma) floating on the core • Crust – • thin layer of rock at the surface

  3. Volcanoes – • Openings in Earth's crust thru which molten lava, ash, &gases are ejected • Magma – • Molten rock beneath the surface • Lava – • Molten rock on the surface

  4. 1912: Alfred Wegener: • Suggested Continental Drift Theory after looking at map of world • Found fossils of extinct animals on different continents

  5. 1950s & 1960s: ocean floor was studied • Underwater mtns. ring the edges of continents • 1968: • dfdf

  6. 1968: Theory of Plate Tectonics • Earth’s crust is divided into rigid plates that move slowly on the upper mantle—set in motion by convectional heat from the core • Move in different directions • Over 12 plates

  7. Pangaea • When all of Earth’s continents were one (225 mill. yrs. Ago)

  8. Laurasia • Northern half of Pangaea • Gondwanaland • Southern half of Pangaea

  9. Plate Boundaries • Divergence: • Spreading/pulling apart • Mid-Atlantic Ridge • Iceland / Surtsey • Video clip

  10. Convergence: • Continental plates crash into one another • Himalaya Mtns.

  11. Subduction: • Lesser oceanic plate is forced under dominant continental plate • Trenches (Mariana Trench) • Mountains (Japan, Andes Mtns., Cascade Mtns.) • Video clip

  12. Transform: • Plates move laterally passed one another • New Madrid, MO • San Andreas Fault

  13. SOME Geologically-Active Places: • Ring of Fire: • Geologically-active region around the perimeter of the Pacific Ocean • 75% (452) of world’s active & dormant volcanoes • 90% of world’s earthquakes • Video clip

  14. Great Rift Valley: • Divergent plate boundary in E. Africa

  15. Mariana Trench: • Subduction plate boundary • Deepest part of the ocean • Challenger Deep • >36,000 ft. deep • James Cameron (March 2012) • ddf

  16. Earthquake Monitor Site

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