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Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLB

Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLB Manager, Legal Metrology Authority Appointments. Introduction Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Pattern approval testing criteria under discussion

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Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLB

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  1. Australian National Speed Measurement Program: Technology, Type Approval, Verification Eur Ing Dr Richard Brittain LLB Manager, Legal Metrology Authority Appointments

  2. Introduction • Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Pattern approval testing criteria under discussion • Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments

  3. Introduction • Chartered Engineer/Physicist/Scientist • Solicitor and Barrister Supreme Court of News South Wales • ~21 years in legal metrology • Manager, Legal Metrology Authority Appointments • NMI division of DIICCSRTE

  4. Introduction

  5. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Same size as USA (minus Alaska) • Population ~23 million • Federation of States (like USA) • 8 ‘States’ (6 States + 2 self governing Territories)

  6. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Constitution specific responsibilities – Commonwealth- residual States (like USA) • Inverse of Canadian constitution? • Common law country (like USA) – presumption of innocence and adversarial • Regulation of traffic speed - State responsibility

  7. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Commonwealth – through NMI gives effect to international treaty obligations wrt measurement • Treaty of the Metre - 1947 • OIML Convention - 1959 • National Measurement Act 1960 (Cth)

  8. DARWIN Australian National Speed Measurement Program Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Commonwealth – through NMI gives effect to international treaty obligation wrt measurement Cairns Townsville Rockhampton Alice Springs Hervey Bay Maroochydore BRISBANE Toowoomba Southport Lismore Coffs Harbour Armidale Tamworth Port Macquarie Dubbo Newcastle Orange Gosford SYDNEY PERTH ADELAIDE Wagga Wagga CANBERRA Wollongong Queanbeyan / Kingston Albury Bendigo MELBOURNE Geelong Warrnambool Bairnsdale Warragul Ulverstone Launceston http://www.measurement.gov.au HOBART 8

  9. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • National Measurement Act 1960 (Cth) • Australian legal units of measurement (ALUMs) • reflect SI units into Australian law • Sole legal units of measurement for physical quantities • Veracity of legal measurements – ALUMs

  10. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Traceability to ALUMs – legal traceability • ALUMs realized by standards • Australian primary standards of measurement • Verification • Australian secondary standards of measurement • reference standards of measurement • etc

  11. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Veracity of legal measurements – ALUMs by • means of... • reference to... • comparison with... • derivation from...

  12. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia • Standards of measurement • Certified measuring instruments • Australian certified reference materials • Combinations of one or more

  13. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Measuring instruments in ‘use for trade’ – determine • consideration in respect of transaction; or • amount of a tax

  14. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Legal Measuring instruments – determine physical quantities • law enforcement purposes • demonstrating compliance (or otherwise) with legal limit (State or Commonwealth) • in issue in litigation

  15. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Metrological control system • pattern (or type) approval • Conformity to type auditing (CTT) • Certification/verification • Speed – certified measuring instruments

  16. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Metrological control system • pattern (or type) approval • conformity to type auditing (CTT) • certification/verification

  17. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Measuring instruments in ‘use for trade’ • mandatory metrological control by Commonwealth • pattern (or type) approval • conformity to type auditing (CTT) • verification + mark (generally or batch certificate)

  18. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Legal measuring instruments – inc. speed • national (Commonwealth) metrological control optional • pattern (or type) approval • conformity to type auditing (CTT) • certification - mark and certificate • certified measuring instruments

  19. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Certificate – pattern approval CMI, ACRMs, RSM etc • may be received in evidence in: • State courts • Commonwealth courts • any proceeding authorized to receive nod examine evidence

  20. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia National metrological control • Certificate – pattern approval CMI, ACRMs, RSM etc • taken to be correctly issued • signed by the purported signatory • signatory taken to be authorized • unless the contrary is established

  21. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • Regulation of traffic speed • State law and regulators • police • roads and traffic authorities

  22. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • Development of national measurement/legal metrology system/infrastructure • Under discussion with State regulators • Pattern approval based on revised OIML R91 • unless not practicable; or • not in the ‘national interest’

  23. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • Some engagement by States with national infrastructure • Use of legally traceable standards • Fitness for purpose (design/pattern/type) • ascertained by each jurisdiction • not based on OIML R91

  24. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • Requirements/criteria for fitness for purpose • jurisdiction specific criteria • experience (reputation?) • Australian standards

  25. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • Standards Australia - criteria • AS 2898 Radar speed detection • Part 1 Functional requirements and definitions • Part 2 Operational procedures • AS 4691 Laser-based see detection devices • Part 1 Definitions and device requirements • Part 2 Operational procedures

  26. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • NMI input to revision of OIML R91 • Based on discussions: • traffic regulators • measuring instrument suppliers • pattern approval criteria pre-R91 revision • aligned with revised R91

  27. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • NMI draft pattern approval requirements • Under discussion: • format - OIML B6-2 Directives for OIML technical work. Part 2: Guide to the drafting and presentation of OIML publications • testing - OIML D 11 General requirements for electronic measuring instruments

  28. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Current situation • NMI draft pattern approval requirements • Scope? • narrow or wide? • all at once or staged?

  29. Regulation of vehicle-speed in Australia Challenges • National metrological control system • adoption • treaty obligations • start date • transition • legal process

  30. Pattern approval criteria under discussion • general requirements/reference conditions • general and environmental (climatic) disturbances and influences • mechanical disturbances and influences • electrical, electromagnetic and radio frequency disturbances • electrical, mains power supply disturbances and influence • electrical, battery power influences • other performance tests • technical requirements

  31. Pattern approval criteria under discussion General requirements • speed kilometres per hour (km/h) • time Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) + appropriate offset • scale interval 1 km/h • range 30 to 250 km/h MPEs • ±2 km/h up to 100 km/h then ±2% pattern approval testing; • ±3 km/h up to 100 km/h then ±3% field certification

  32. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Reference conditions • ambient temperature 20 °C ±2 °C • relative humidity 30 to 70% • atmospheric pressure 86 kPa to 106 kPa • power voltage 230 V +10% -6% - frequency of 50 Hz • or as are specified in the certificate of pattern approval

  33. Pattern approval criteria under discussion General and environmental (climatic) disturbances and influences • dry heat (non condensing) - OIML D11 severity level 3 • cold -10°C for 2 hours - OIML D11 severity level 2 • damp heat, cyclic (condensing) - OIML D11 severity level 2 • water - OIML D11 severity level 2 • sand and dust - OIML D11 severity level 1

  34. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Mechanical disturbances and influences • vibration (random) - OIML D11 severity level 1 • vibration (sinusoidal) - OIML D11 severity level 1 • mechanical shock - OIML severity level 2

  35. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Electrical, electromagnetic and radio frequency disturbances • radiated radio-frequency electromagnetic fields 80 – 1400 MHz or 3 GHz/6GHz if possible - OIML D11 severity level 3 • conducted radio-frequency electromagnetic fields - OIML D11 severity level 3 • electrostatic discharge - OIML D11 severity level 3 • bursts (transients) + surges on signal, data and control line - OIML D11 severity level 3

  36. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Electrical, mains power supply disturbances and influences • AC mains voltage variation - OIML D11 severity level 1 • AC mains frequency variation - OIML D11 severity level 1 • AC mains voltage dips, shorts interruptions and voltage variations - OIML D11 severity level 3 • bursts (transients) on AC and DC mains - OIML D11 severity level 3

  37. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Electrical, battery power influences • low voltage of internal battery - OIML D11 severity level 1 • power from external 12 V and 24 V road vehicle batteries (if applicable) - OIML D11 severity level C for 12 Volt batteries and level F for 24 Volt batteries) • established whether any accompanying “flash” system was activated on each simulation

  38. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Other performance tests • aperture setting of image capturing component (if applicable) • flash rate (if applicable) • mounting of illuminators - a pole or bracket representative of mounting hardware normally used for operational purposes

  39. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Other performance tests • aperture setting of image capturing component (if applicable) • flash rate (if applicable) • mounting of illuminators - a pole or bracket representative of mounting hardware normally used for operational purposes

  40. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Technical requirements • requirements for construction • security of operation • protection against fraud • ease of reading • materials and construction • adjustment and correction

  41. Pattern approval criteria under discussion Technical requirements • installation conditions • rated operating conditions - at least -10 °C to +60 °C • marks and inscriptions - uniquely identified /pattern approved/certified • indicating devices – additional/alternative approved • certification marks - in accordance with relevant legislation

  42. Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments using precision radar/lidar Proposed national metrological control system • pattern approval • (conformity to type (CTT) auditing) • certification – marked and certificate issued • ‘certified measuring instruments’

  43. SI Units Australian legal units of Measurement Australian Primary Standards First Level Standards Traceability Australian Secondary Standards State Primary Reference Standards of Standards Measurement Working Standards Measurements in industry, commerce and the community General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) National Measurement Legislation Legal Traceability National Measurement Institute (NMI) Second Level Standards NATA Laboratories and legal metrology authorities Third Level Standards 43

  44. national pattern approval standard pattern approval testing pattern compliance National Instrument Test Procedures initial certification/verification subsequent certification/verification use for legal purposes (legally traceable measurements)

  45. OIML treaty Metre treaty SI units National Measurement Legislation ALUMS Pattern Approval Australian Measurement standards Pattern compliance Certification/verification Legally traceable measurements

  46. OIML treaty SI Units Metre treaty SI units Australian legal units of Measurement National Measurement Legislation Australian Primary Standards Australian Secondary Standards ALUMS Pattern Approval Australian Measurement standards State Primary Reference Standards of Standards Measurement Working Standards Pattern compliance Measurements in industry, commerce and the community Certification/verification Legally traceable measurements

  47. Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments using precision radar/lidar Certification – field testing • provides additional public confidence over and above bench testing/simulation • based on manufacturer’s instructions • legally traceable to ALUMs

  48. Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments using precision radar/lidar Certification – Field testing • Field testing • directed vehicles • speed measured by precision radar/lidar • MPE ±3 km/h or 3% • accuracy (uncertainty) of field testing ~± 1 km/h • precision radar or lidartheoretical limit of accuracy ≥0.01 km/h

  49. Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments using precision radar/lidar Certification – Precision radar • range 0 to 99.9 km/h • resolution 0.1 km/h • no leading digit display over 99.9 km/h • accuracy be increased by: • increased internal oscillator stability (external oscillator?) • reduced computation truncations and algorithm errors

  50. Field calibration of vehicle speed measuring instruments using precision radar/lidar Certification – Precision lidar • display resolution currently 1 km/h • calculated resolution 0.1 km/h • range up to 320 km/h • greater accuracy requires accessing and using pre-display data

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