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Entry Task: 04.21-22.10

Entry Task: 04.21-22.10. REMINDER: April 29 th ALL ITEMS DUE!! Grab guide notes Acid/Base Part 2 START to sort out the acid-base properties AND naming acid bases. Notes on Acid Bases part 2. Sort out Acid verse Bases properties. Acid. Base. Acid. Base. Acid. Acid. Acid. Acid. Base.

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Entry Task: 04.21-22.10

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  1. Entry Task: 04.21-22.10 REMINDER: April 29th ALL ITEMS DUE!! Grab guide notes Acid/Base Part 2 START to sort out the acid-base properties AND naming acid bases. Notes on Acid Bases part 2

  2. Sort out Acid verse Bases properties Acid Base Acid Base Acid Acid Acid Acid Base Acid Base Base

  3. Name these substances H3BO3 Boric acid Sulfurous acid H2SO3 Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 HNO2 Nitrous acid HNO3 Nitric acid

  4. Lets look at water Water 2H2O H3O+ + OH- Hydronium ion Hydroxide ion

  5. Water • Equal number of H3O+ to OH- • Has a pH of 7 • Green with pH indicator • Non conductive (NO ions)

  6. H OH H+ H H OH OH H+ OH - OH - H+ OH - H+ H+ OH - OH - OH - H+ Looking at JUST water: Even water will disassociate from each other.

  7. Acid/Base definitions • Definition #1: Arrhenius (traditional) Acids – produce H+ ions (or hydronium ions H3O+) Bases – produce OH- ions (problem: some bases don’t have hydroxide ions!)

  8. Arrhenius Acids Acid solutions contains more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide (OH-) ions ACID H+ OH- H+ H+ H+ H+ OH- OH- H+ OH- H+ H+ H+

  9. Arrhenius Bases Base solutions contains more hydroxide (OH-) ions than hydrogen (H+) ions Base OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- OH- H+ H+ OH- OH-

  10. Problems with Arrhenius’s theory • Ammonia (NH3) behaves as a base not as an acid. • An acid does not behave as an acid in every solvent. • H+, a bare proton, does not exist for very long in water.

  11. Acid/Base Definitions • Definition #2: Brønsted – Lowry ANY substance that donates a proton = ACID ANY substance that accepts a proton = BASE Remember: A proton Hydrogen ion H+ Same thing

  12. H H Cl O acid base H H Why is HCl an acid? It donates its proton. Why is water a base? It accepts the proton.

  13. + H - H Cl Cl O O conjugate acid conjugate base acid base H H H H What is the conjugate acid and why? H3O+, because it now able to donate a proton. What is the conjugate base and why? Cl-, because it now able to accept a proton.

  14. O H H H N H acid base H H Why is water an acid? It donates its proton Why is NH3 a base? It accepts a proton.

  15. + H - O H O N N H H base acid conjugate acid conjugate base H H H H H H What is the conjugate acid and why? NH4+, because its now able to donate a proton. What is the conjugate base and why? OH-, because its now able to accept a proton.

  16. What’s up with water • When a substance can act as an acid or base is said to be amphoteric.

  17. NH4+ + OH-NH3 + H2O BASE C-base C-acid ACID What is happening here? Look at both sides! Looks like NH4+ has lost a proton to OH-. So NH4+is:… So OH- is:… Looks like OH- gained a proton. Notice that Acids become conjugate bases!! Notice that Bases become conjugate acids!!

  18. HBr + H2O H3O+ + Br- C-acid BASE C-base ACID What is happening here? Look at both sides! Looks like HBrhas lost a proton to H2O. So HBr is:… So H2O is:… Looks like H2Ogained a proton. Notice that Acids become conjugate bases!! Notice that Bases become conjugate acids!!

  19. CO3-2 + H2O HCO3-+ OH- BASE C-acid C-base ACID What is happening here? Look at both sides! Looks like H2Ohas lost a proton to CO3-2. So H2O is:… Looks like CO3-2gained a proton. So CO3-2 is:… Notice that Acids become conjugate bases!! Notice that Bases become conjugate acids!!

  20. HSO4- + H2O  H3O+ + SO4-2 C-acid C-base ACID BASE What is happening here? Look at both sides! Looks like HSO4-has lost a proton to H2O. So HSO4- is:… Looks like H2Ogained a proton. So CO3-2 is:… Notice that Acids become conjugate bases!! Notice that Bases become conjugate acids!!

  21. Use your notes to finish the backside as homework

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