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PETROLUEM. Texas tea black gold rock oil oil. HISTORY. Use goes way back Natural tar seeps To waterproof baskets and boats 1852 – patent for distillation product from rock oil—kerosene–for lamp oil . Drake’s Well. 1859 Pennsylvania (Oil Creek); near oil seeps Depth 70 feet. 1920.
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PETROLUEM Texas tea black gold rock oil oil
HISTORY • Use goes way back • Natural tar seeps • To waterproof baskets and boats • 1852 – patent for distillation product from rock oil—kerosene–for lamp oil
Drake’s Well • 1859 • Pennsylvania (Oil Creek); near oil seeps • Depth 70 feet
1920 • Development of • lamps • machinery • Caused or increased demand for • Lubrication • kerosene • gasoline and diesel
Establishment of OPECArab-Israeli War1973 • Resulted in the first major supply-demand-cartel increase in price
Price per barrel (42 gal)crude • 1940 -- $1 • 1972 -- $2 • 1974 -- ~$5 • 1981 -- $38 • 2000 -- ~$40 • 2006 -- $76
Supplies • WWI – U. S. produced 2/3 worlds supply from domestic sources; by end of WWI supply strained • Discovery of E. Texas fields 1930 • 1955 -- five U. S. companies produced 2/3 of worlds oil; ~1/2 from domestic sources
Currently • Major U. S. suppliers (in order) • Louisiana • Texas • California
Peak Production Projected • 2010 – 2020 • At 80 million barrels per day • NOW – 1 new barrel produced for each 4 consumed
Population figures • 1860 – CA 380,000 • 1890 – CA 1,100,000 – US 63,000,000 1.7% • 1960 – CA 15,717,000 – US 180,000,000 7.8% • 1990 – CA 28,000,000 – US 250,000,000 11% • 2000 – CA 33,872,000 – US 280,000,000 12%
2000-U. S. sources of energy • 36.3 – petroleum • 25.8 – natural gas • 23.9 – coal • 6.7 -- hydroelectric • 6.6 -- nuclear • 0.8 -- other
1920 11 gal gasoline 5.3 gal kerosene 20.4 gal oil and lubricants 5.3 gal heavy residue (asphalt) 2000 21 gal gasoline 3 gal jet fuel 9 gal special distillates 4 lubricants 3 heavy residue (asphalt) Derived volumesfrom 1 barrel (42 gal)
PRESENT CALIFORNIA PRODUCTION • Kern County • Los Angeles
LOS ANGELES BASIN • Deep marine basin in Miocene time with thick sequence of marine sedimentary rock • Extensively folded and faulted since • Wilmington field • Most productive single petroleum field in Calif. • 2nd most productive in U. S.
Southern San Joaquin Basin • Deep marine basin in Miocene time with thick sequence of marine sedimentary rock • Extensively folded and faulted since; some places still active • Ten of the top twenty producing fields in the U. S.
Signal Hill—Los Angles field • Part of the Willmington field • Photo about 1930
Wooden derrick • Used until about 1940
Primary production • Natural flow or simple pumping • Some wells have sufficient ‘in-the-rock’ pressure to push the liquid petroleum to the surface – for a time • Early wells (pre-1940) were produced mostly by this method
Primary production • HOWEVER ----- this produces only about 10 to 20% of the petroleum • Realize the petroleum is viscous and flows only with difficulty
Post-primary productionand techniques • Chemical • Detergents • Thinners • Physical • water flood (drive) • steam • heat • gaseous hydrocarbons
distillation • Natural petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons (many times paraffinic) like butane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 = C4H10 • Hydrocarbons in petroleum range from one C to ~50 C • The greater the number of ‘carbons’ the higher the temperature of boiling – hence boiling separates the different fractions
cracking • Long-chain (high molecular weight) hydrocarbons are not as useful or valued as short-chain hydrocarbons • So chemists have found a way to break long-chains into multiple short chains, i.e. C30H62 + 2H 2C15H32 (cracking the chain)
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