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Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry. The study of all compounds containing carbon. Carbon is the basis for life on Earth. This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds. Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. Review. How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need?

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry • The study of all compounds containing carbon. • Carbon is the basis for life on Earth. • This unit will focus on hydrocarbon compounds. • Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon

  2. Review • How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many bonds does carbon need? • How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need? • Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds. • Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.

  3. Alkanes • Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds • aka - saturated hydrocarbons • carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains • Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C2H6

  4. Continuous-chain alkanes • Contain any number of atoms in a straight chain. • Names will end in -ane • Names are given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). • You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings. • You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.

  5. The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes • Methane CH4 • Ethane C2H6 • Propane C3H8 • Butane C4H10 • Pentane C5H12 • Hexane C6H14 • Heptane C7H16 • Octane C8H18 • Nonane C9H20 • Decane C10H22 • The General Formula is - CnH2n+2

  6. Formulas • molecular C2H6 H H • structural H - C - C - H H H • condensed CH3-CH2-CH2 • skeleton C-C-C-C

  7. Alkenesunsaturated hydrocarbons • Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond. • Example - Ethene • General formula CnH2n

  8. Alkenes • Naming alkenes • The ending of the parent chain will end in -ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond. • Example - Name the following: • C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C • 1-butene 2-butene 1-butene • Count left to right and right to left. Name the compound with the smallest number possible.

  9. AlkynesUnsaturated Hydrocarbons • Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond. • Example - Ethyne • common name acetylene • General formula CnH2n-2

  10. Alkynes • Naming Alkynes • Same as alkenes but ending will be -yne • Example - Name the following: • C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C • 1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2-pentyne

  11. Your Turns • Name the following and give the molecular formula: • 1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C • 3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C • 5. C≡C-C 6. C-C-C-C • Answers • 1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12 • 3) hexane C6H14 4) 4-decene C10H20 • 5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H4 • 6) butane (C4H10)

  12. Your Turn • Draw the following: • 4-Octyne • H H H H H H • H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H • H H H H H H

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