1 / 17

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion. Chapter Eleven AP World History Ms. Tully. Mesoamerica: Before the Aztecs. Pre- Columbian Teotihuacan – Classical Era The Maya Toltec Empire – Post-Classical Era Collapsed by 1150 to nomadic invaders. The Aztec Rise to Power.

netis
Download Presentation

The Americas on the Eve of Invasion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Americas on the Eve of Invasion Chapter Eleven AP World History Ms. Tully

  2. Mesoamerica: Before the Aztecs • Pre-Columbian • Teotihuacan – Classical Era • The Maya • Toltec Empire – Post-Classical Era • Collapsed by 1150 to nomadic invaders

  3. The Aztec Rise to Power • Political power/ppl moved to shores of lakes in Mexico valley • Aztecs (Mexica) migrated to Lake Texcoco ca. 1325 • Tenochtitlan est. 1325 • 1434 – Aztecs dominate central valley and begin to conquer other city-states • Establish a tribute empire • Independent kingdoms opposed Aztecs – Tlaxcala

  4. Aztec Society • Subject peoples forced to pay tribute • Stratified society under supreme ruler • Clans (calpulli) dictated social status • Social gaps widen (nobility vs. commoners) • Organized for war and motivated by religious zeal

  5. Aztec Religion • Cyclical Worldview  impending destruction • Animism – connection between spiritual and natural world • Pay tribute to gods through festivals, ceremonies, feasting, dancing, warfare, and sacrifice • Cult of Sacrifice  Huitzilopochtli • Increase in Human Sacrifice • Flower Wars  captives became sacrificial victims

  6. Aztec Economy • Agrarian community • Chinampas: man-made floating islands that yielded large amount of crops • Vibrant daily markets highly regulated by state • Tribute system also supported the economy

  7. Aztec Gender and Technology • Women’s primary domain: household, cooking, weaving • Arranged marriage • Women could inherit property • Technological restraints

  8. The Inca Empire (Twantinsuyu) • Chimor Kingdom (900-1465) • Quechua-speaking clans (ayllus) around Cuzco • Expansion under Pachacuti (ruler, or Sapa Inca) • Controlled 3000 miles of empire; between 9-13 million ppl

  9. Techniques of Inca Imperial Rule • Highly centralized bureaucracy • Tribute empire based on labor & integration Mita • Military: system of roads, way station (tambos), storehouses • “Split Inheritance” necessitates conquest

  10. Inca Society • Ayllus basic unit of society • Women had property rights; still subordinate • Emphasis on reciprocity & hierarchy • Privileged nobility; basis of bureaucracy • No merchant class  limited trade

  11. Inca Culture • Polytheistic, animistic Viracocha (creator/sun god) is highest • Huacas holy shrines (mountains, stones, rivers, caves, tombs, temples) • Many cultural achievements • Pottery & cloth • Metallurgy (copper, bronze) • Quipu – knotted strings for accounting • Complex irrigation

  12. Aztecs vs. Incas • Similarities • Build on earlier empires that preceded them (Toltecs, Chimor) • Excellent organizers (imperial, military) • Intensive agriculture under state control • Clans transformed to hierarchy • Ethnic groups allowed to survive • Animistic religion • Differences • Aztecs have sophisticated trade, markets; Inca have no separate merchant class • Aztecs developed a system of writing, while the Inca did not

  13. Peoples of the Americas • Great variety; adapt to their region • Overall pop. Unknown; around 67 million ca. 1492 • Long distance/regional trade • Caribbean Islands: hierarchical societies, divided into chiefdoms • North America: Mixture of agriculturalists & nomads • Two great imperial systems by 1500, but Mesoamerica and Andes weakened by European contact • Communities are technologically behind Europeans, Chinese, Arabs

More Related