eGovernance and ICT

1. eGovernance and ICT Reporters: Nathaniel Samson JeanzenMagallanes Teresita Espinosa Annette Escoto

3. History e-Government (e-Gov) emerged in the late 1990s, but the history of computing in government organizations can be traced back to the beginnings of computer history. A literature on “IT in government” goes back at least to the 1970s [Kraemer, et al, 1978, Danziger and Andersen, 2002]. This literature concerns IT use within government, while the recent e-Government literature more often concerns external use, such as services to the citizens [Ho, 2002]. Introducing E-Gov: History, Definitions, and Issues by Å. Grönlund and T.A. Horan

4. Origin e-Government was born out of the Internet boom. However, it is not limited to Internet use or publicly accessible systems for direct use by customers or citizens. e-Government started as a practitioner field, basically convening practitioners struggling to meet the new challenges of the Internet medium by implementing new systems creatively. For example, in the United States the (then) Vice President Gore led the National Performance Review, which placed a strong emphasis on the role of e-government in federal services [Gore, 1993; Salem, 2003]. Introducing E-Gov: History, Definitions, and Issues by Å. Grönlund and T.A. Horan

5. What is e-Government? • “the use by the Government of web-based Internet applications and other information technologies, combined with processes that implement these technologies, to: • enhance the access to and delivery of Government information and services to the public, other agencies, and other Government entities or • b) bring about improvements in Government operations that may include effectiveness, efficiency, service quality, or transformation;” • (US 2002 E-Government Act [U.S. Congress, 2002].)

6. “E-Government refers to the use by government agencies of information technologies that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. • These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: • better delivery of government services to citizens • improved interactions with business and industry • citizen empowerment through access to information, • or more efficient government management. • The resulting benefits can be less corruption, increased transparency, greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions” • (World Bank, 2004; AOEMA Report)

7. What is e-Governance? e-Governance is the public sector’s use of information and communication technologies with the aim of improving information and service delivery, encouraging citizen participation in the decision-making process and making government more accountable, transparent and effective. UNESCO (www.unesco.org)

9. Taxonomy of e-Government Local Government Units Government Administrative Agencies Business NGOs Civil Society Citizen G2E G2C G2B G2G

11. 4 Stages of E-Government

12. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012 • E-government for the people, public services can be designed to be responsive, citizen-centric and socially inclusive. Engage citizens through participatory service delivery processes • E-government shifted expectations of what governments can and should do using modern ICTs to strengthen public service, advance equitable, people –centered development.

13. Principles of E-Government • when supported by an effective e-governance institutional framework, it will improve the internal workings of the public sector by: • reducing financial costs and transaction times so as to better integrate workflows and processes • enable effective resource utilization across the public sector agencies aiming for sustainable solutions • United Nations E-Government Survey 2012

14. Keywords in E-Government • Better processes and systems aimed at more efficiency, effectiveness, inclusion and sustainability • Inclusiveness as parameters of sustainable development efforts worldwide • Social equity and inclusion possible if institutional barriers to citizen inclusion are removed and opportunities for their participation through ICTs are equitably distributed • United Nations E-Government Survey 2012

15. Also… • Holistic approach to governance for sustainable development • Hierarchical and bureaucratic structures are to be transformed into horizontal integrated systems • E-governance support development by improving inter-linkages and consolidation of government systems • Holistic vision that emphasizes synergies among different sectors and approaches that will help advance economic sustainability and social equity • United Nations E-Government Survey 2012

16. Results of the UN E-Government Survey for 2012 show that: • Many countries are moving from a decentralized single-purpose organization model, to an integrated unified whole-of-government model • Increasing power of ICT provided governments with the flexibility to provide information and services through multi-channels • Many developing countries have adopted citizen • inclusion as key in providing “customer”-oriented • services. • United Nations E-Government Survey 2012

17. 3 Important Dimensions of E-Government • Scope and Quality of Online Services • - based on the 4 stages of E-gov i.e. emerging presence, enhanced presence, transactional presence and connected presence • 2. Development Status of Telecommunication Infrastructure • - estimated internet users, number of mobile subscribers, number of fixed internet subscription, number of fixed broadband facilities • 3. Inherent Human Capital • - adult literacy rate, combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ration

31. http://www.korea.go.kr/main.do

32. Evolution of e-Governance in the Philippines

33. State of e-Government in the Philippines • UN Report 2012 • Moved 10 steps down in the world ranking from 78th in 2010 to 88th in 2012 • Rank 5th among South East Asian countries • Lower in all 5 parameters (e-participation, e-Government, human capital, online service and infrastructure) compared to Singapore and all parameters of Malaysia except for human capital • As compared to other regional countries, the Philippines is higher in e-Government, human capital, online service but lower in e-participation and infrastructure

34. ICT Infrastructure Out of 99.9 M Filipinos, 29.7 are using the internet 7.27 % of the Filipinos use fixed telephone lines 85.67% use mobile phones 94.7% of the total municipalities used mobile phones while 53.9 has fixed telephone connections 3.93% subscribed to the internet 1.85 % fixed broadband connection Source: UN 2012 E-Government Survey

35. Laws and regulations currently employed in the Philippines RA 8792 – “Philippine e-Commerce Law”(2000) RA 9184 – “Government Procurement Reform Act “(2003) EO 810 -"Institutionalizing the Certification Scheme for Digital Signatures and Directing the Application of Digital Signature in e-Government Services” (2011) RA10173 “Data Privacy Act of 2011” RA 10175 “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012”

36. Walk-through of the Philippine E-Governance

37. http://www.gov.ph/

38. Philippine e-Government Master Plan Objective Build a blueprint of the future e-Government Master Plan that will lead to the innovation of government work processes, better public service to both business and citizens and promote citizen participation Subject Infrastructure, G2G, G2C, G2B Time Period 2013-2016 Budgetary Requirements $266.840 M

39. Hierarchical Structure

40. Implementation strategy 1. e-Government Roadmap • Method of Project Priority Evaluation • In order to set priority , each project is evaluated based upon parameters like : Degree of Importance, Degree of Urgency, effectiveness of government innovation and ease of implementation

41. 2. Legal Framework

42. 3. Organization To-Be Model of e-Government Organization

43. e-Government or e-Governance?Some issues and concerns

45. 1. Infrastructure/support facilities a. Developments in the Information Communications Technology sector are primarily private sector-driven, with government providing regulatory oversight and promotional support via public policy and incentives; b. In Region VI, access to ICT was made possible with the increase in the number of local exchange carriers (LECs) providing services to the different cities and municipalities from 136 LECs in 2004 to 150 LECs in 2009. Of the 133 municipalities and cities, 121, or 91.73 percent have digital LECs as of 2009; c. Telephone load density in the region showed an erratic trend during the period and there was an observed decline in the telephone density between 2004 and 2009: there were 2.04 telephones per 100 persons in 2004 compared to only 1.87 in 2009. This may be explained by the growth of wireless and broadband technologies, resulting in more people availing of the Cellular Mobile Telephone Services (CMTS). To date, there are 887 CMTS stations in the region;

46. d. Only nine internet service providers were established due to inadequate connectivity/capability and intermittent signals and “deadspots” in certain areas; e. Availability of ICT tools/equipment in public institutions f. The issues related to electrification and power supply 2. ICT skills a. ICT centers vis-à-vis Information Offices; b. A regional strategy: Harness the potential and power of Information and Communications Technologies through education;

47. b. Regional R&D thrusts: A knowledge management system will facilitate the flow of data and provide the necessary platform for sharing information among the academe, research institutions and industry. A research and development ICT enhanced library will be established in strategic state universities and colleges and private educational institutions as depository of commercially viable technologies; 3. Citizens capacity for feedback How ‘wired’ are we? Having a pc is still beyond the reach of most Filipinos 4. Filipino cultural values and preferences: face-to-face transactions 5. Leadership and political will ***