ITER diagnostics – status and future

1. ITER diagnostics – status and future ITER Diagnostics Team For Swiss Industry Event Michael Walsh 20/06/2012 Ack: Special thanks to all colleagues who provided support and information for this presentation The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization

2. Outline • Diagnostic Overview • Examples of systems • System Integration • Status • Interactions with outside ITER • Summary

3. What will ITER look like inside? • Look at a picture from a Hydrogen plasma START Plasma (CCFE)

4. Radiation Spectrum • In ITER- the plasma emits in all regions and diagnostics make use of this

5. Diagnostic • A way to turn a physics effect in to a measurement • Understanding Instrumentation is crucial • Need the right tools to do the job • Need the right people!!!

6. To Observe Plasma shape and size Neutrons Light emitted Hot surfaces Gases Safe operation • Systems either • Passive • or • Active

7. Passive • Measure what is happening • Example- Heart monitor • In ITER- place detectors around the machine and measure what is happening

8. Active • Externally influence to see effect • Example- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (or NMR)- • In ITER- launch laser, microwave or Particle beam and look at various physics effects

9. Diagnostic systems About 45 different diagnostic systems installed around ITER tokamak for machine protection or basic control, for advanced performance control, and evaluating the plasma performance and understanding important physical phenomena • To Observe: • Neutrons • Magnetics • Passive Spectroscopy • Active Spectroscopy • Infrared Thermography • Particle monitoring • Alphas • Tritium & Dust • Density/Temperature • All integrated directly in to machine or port plugs

10. Diagnostic Locations VESSEL WALL (Distributed Systems) UPPER PORT (12 used) EQUATORIAL PORT (6 used) DIVERTOR PORT (6 used) DIVERTOR CASSETTES

11. How is the ITER plasma accessed? • Install a folded mirror arrangement • Light reflects off of the mirror • Neutrons do not reflect

12. Infrastructure- Strong in Engineering

13. Port Integration on Eq 11 through SIR Interspace (ISS) Port Cell structures (PCSS) BS PCSS2 PCSS1 ISS PP

14. A more integrated system

15. Magnetics

16. What is the connection? • Magnetic fields created by putting current in the coils • The field and current interact?

17. Magnetics ITER has a range of magnetics including conventional magnetics system: measures dB/dt locally using pickup coils or averaged over a large area using saddle loops Line-integrated using Rogowskis Key signals are time-integrated Can tolerate 100 nV of parasitic voltage Can’t tolerate 500 nV of parasitic voltage Degraded performance in-between • Main approach for discrete coils: • Mechanical attachment to vacuum vessel • Electrical connection to invessel wiring • Heat transfer to vacuum vessel • Remote handling compatibility

18. ITER Plasma using Magnetics • With these- the plasma shape, position and many other parameters can be determined Plasma Start up

19. All the way to the full size • Very importantly- these measurements can be used to grow the plasma and keep it safe for very long periods To full current

20. Infrared

21. How about the walls of the machine? • What happens if they get hot? • When they get hot- they emit a characteristic signal • This is well measured using infrared infrared map of sea surface temperatures

22. Look at Upper Vis/IR System

23. Key areas are monitored – like Divertor • If this gets too hot –we have a big problem • The IR system will monitor this • And allow us to stop the operation if needed

24. Where are we?

25. Current plan for ITER Diagnostics In total 45 systems We have only touched on a few in this short time Need to be well designed and implemented Plan is to complete diagnostics Contracts with many DAs in the next year First deliveries in diagnostics in 3-4 years Majority of systems on ITER in approximately 9 years

26. Scope covers many systems in many key areas across the world

27. All Partners involved in Diagnostics

28. Contracts

29. World-wide calls for design expertise • General Diagnostics Engineering • Experts in concept, design, realisation, interface definition and documentation of Plasma diagnostic systems • Physics of diverter diagnostics and especially tritium and dust retention • Laser surface analysis techniques (erosion)

30. World-wide calls for design expertise • Modelling and testing of close to plasma mirrors • Diagnostic project organisation and implementation • Mechanical design engineering

31. World-wide Tenders (2) Framework contracts for experts All diagnostic window assemblies including manufacturing and development Engineering design of port plug and associated structures Manufacturing of port plug and associated structures Design and Manufacturing of specific diagnostic systems Design of support systems outside of the tokamak areas

32. Summary • ITER is now well in the construction phase • The unique requirements of ITER present many interesting technical challenges for the design and manufacturing of diagnostics • Many key design activities ongoing and more about to begin • Procurement contracts for many major systems are officially being put in place through Domestic Agencies or directly with Industry

33. Thank you for listening