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Construyendo Programas de REDD: Experiencias Brasileñas

Construyendo Programas de REDD: Experiencias Brasileñas. Daniel Nepstad, PhD Director, International Program Tuxtlas Gutierrez, Chiapas March 22, 2011. Brasileño 16 anos Investigación científico Análisis de políticas publicas Apoyo para comunidades, productores, gobiernos, para

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Construyendo Programas de REDD: Experiencias Brasileñas

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  1. Construyendo Programas de REDD: Experiencias Brasileñas Daniel Nepstad, PhD Director, International Program Tuxtlas Gutierrez, Chiapas March 22, 2011

  2. Brasileño • 16 anos • Investigación científico • Análisis de políticas publicas • Apoyo para comunidades, productores, gobiernos, para • manejo de los recursos naturales • Nuevo programa internacional • Accesoria técnica REDD: nacional, Acre, Mato Grosso, • Para, Amazonas Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia (Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales de la Amazonía)

  3. References • EPRI. 2010. (IPAM, Forest Trends, Tropical Forest Group, WHRC) • IPAM and Government of Brazil. 2011. REDD in Brazil: The Case of the Amazon. • Nepstad et al. 2009. The end of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Science • MCGRATH, D.G.; NEPSTAD, D.; STICKLER, C.: Smallholders, Rural Development and REDD in the Brazilian Amazon. November, 2009 • Available at: • www.ipam.org.br

  4. REDD = Mecanismo de Financiamiento de la Conservación de los Bosques?

  5. REDD = Nueva paradigma de desarrollo rural?

  6. Reforma de las políticas publicas • Alinamiento (“alignment”) de las políticas publicas • “Enforcement” • Incentivos positivos para las comunidades que defienden las bosques • Incentivos negativos para los destruidores de las bosques REDD como nueva paradigma de desarrollo rural sustentable

  7. Publico: • Disponible agora • Non necesita de estructura mandatario (regulations) • Mas. . . .imprevisible (cambios políticos, etc.) REDD: Dinero publico o privado?

  8. Privado (mercado): • Muy pequeno • Mayor integridad ambiental • Potencial para muy mas recursos financieros! • (p.e.: Hoy, $100B p.a. del mercado “regulated” del Europa (EU ETS)) REDD: Dinero publico ou privado?

  9. REDD+ finance today: precarious $ credits Public Finance (Amazon Fund (US$1B), FIP (US$100M), ABC (US$1.3B)) National REDD Progams California Cap-and-Trade/GCF; Acre State REDD Programs Projects & Programs Voluntary Investments

  10. Chiapas, Acre, e California serian el primero mercado “regulated” de REDD

  11. REDD: Projetos ou Programas?

  12. Canalizan dinero para comunidades mas rápido • Mas. . . no implican en los cambios de las políticas publicas e instituciones Projetos

  13. Mas complexos e divagar para construir • “Alignment” de las políticas publicas; innovaciones institucionales • Necesarios para cumplir los cambios al nivel del desarrollo rural Programas REDD al nivel de los Estados ou Naciones

  14. 1. La necessidade de “alignment” de las politicas publicas Experiencias Brasilenos

  15. Total and “Low Carbon” Agricultural Credit in Brazil 2010/11 Harvest (Ministério da Fazenda) The need for policy alignment US$ (billions)

  16. FIP

  17. 2. La importancia de programas sectoriales (agricultura familiar, comunidades indígenas, grandes productores, industria madereira, area protegidas) Experiencias Brasilenos

  18. Los SectoresPrincipales Farm settlements Indigenous lands Extractive Reserves Protected Areas Undesignated

  19. Examplo: agricultura familiar • Reform Agrarian Reform • 2. Higher agricultural yields/income; higher value of forest products • 3. Supporting smallholders for new markets What will sectoral REDD programs look like?

  20. The cost of foregone profits from beef or soy, Brazilian Amazon Nepstad et al. 2009 Science

  21. Nepstad, Soares-Filho et al. 2009 Science

  22. 3. Alinamiento entre los niveles del gobierno Experiencias Brasilenos

  23. National Climate Change Plan (approved 2009): • Reduce national emissions 36-39% by 2020 • Reduce deforestation in the Amazon region by 80% • Reduce deforestation in the Cerrado region by 40% • Increased forest restoration and plantations

  24. Brazil’s Amazon commitment and progress Brazilian government baseline Lowest deforestation in 30 yrs Brazilian government target Nepstad et al. 2009 The End of Deforestation. Science

  25. Nesting Frameworks: The Case of Brazil • Allocating Between State & Federal Programs Emissions Reductions from Amazon Deforestation (2012-2016) Compliant Industries, Performance-based Public Finance Revenues from Emissions Reductions Peformance-based public finance? C-REDD? AM MT PA RR AP AC RO Amazon Fund Other Federal Programs Amazon States Moutinho et al. 2011 www.ipam.org.br

  26. Nesting Frameworks: The Case of Brazil • Allocation between federal and state levels: • Undecided • Allocation among states: • Undecided, but political support for formula involving • historical baselines, forest carbon stocks, and targets • % of REDD revenue = A*(reduction below historical baseline) + B*(forest carbon stock) + C*(progress towards target)

  27. Linha de Base: Estado del Mato Grosso

  28. 5. La importancia central de los estados Experiencias Brasilenos

  29. Institutional Architecture of Acre REDD Program StateGovernment Enforcement Institute Non-Governmental Development Agency Science Advisory Committee Forest Fund Forest Service Secr. Env’t Board StateCommission Registry

  30. 5. La importancia central datecnologiaeciencia Experiencias Brasilenos

  31. 3-D View of the Amazon Forest

  32. Chiapas • Vantagens: • Problemas fundarías resolvidos (ejidos) • Directos indígenas reconocidos • Gobierno estadual fuerte, ativo • Compromiso político • Sociedad civil alinhado, fuerte • Capacidad científico/técnico • Oportunidad: • Consolidar programa REDD estadual integrado

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