CONNECTING AFRICA’S PAST WITH ITS PRESENT

1. CONNECTING AFRICA’S PAST WITH ITS PRESENT VOCABULARY: RACISM, NATIONALISM, AND APARTHEID STANDARD: THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN AFRICA LEADING TO THE 21ST CENTURY

2. EUROPE’S MISTAKE • IN THE 1920’S AND 30’S, MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS SENT AFRICAN LEADERS UNDER THEIR CONTROL TO BE EDUCATED IN EUROPEAN SCHOOLS. • MANY OF THESE INDIVIDUALS LEARNED OF INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS ELSEWHERE IN THE WORLD AND BEGAN TO PLAN FOR THEIR HOMELAND’S INDEPENDENCE.

3. NATIONALISM

4. RACISM • MANY EUROPEANS DID NOT BELIEVE THAT AFRICANS WERE CAPABLE OF GOVERNING THEMSELVES • THIS BELIEF WAS FOUNDED IN EUROPEAN’S • MINDSET OF RACIST ATTITUDES

5. WORLD WAR I • MANY AFRICANS WHO FOUGHT ON BEHALF OF EUROPEAN NATIONS DURING WORLD WAR I BELIEVED THEY COULD. THEY WANTED INDEPENDENCE FOR THEIR HOMELANDS.

6. PAN-AFRICANISM

7. PAN-AFRICANISM • A MOVEMENT BY NATIVE AFRICANS TO ESTABLISH INDEPENDENCE FOR THEIR RESPECTIVE NATIONS • 1919, THE FIRST PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS ASSEMBLES • 1945, PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS ISSUES A STATEMENT SAYING THEY SHOULD BE FREE AND INDEPENDENT NATIONS ESPECIALLY AFTER THEIR SERVICE IN WORLD WAR II.

8. WORLD WAR II

9. INDEPENDENCE • MOST SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN NATIONS RECEIVED THEIR INDEPENDENCE BEGINNING IN 1951 – 1980. • THE FIRST WAS GHANA.

10. PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA • TRIBAL ETHNIC DIVERSITY WAS A MAJOR PROBLEM FOR NIGERIA ONCE THEY RECEIVED THEIR INDEPENDENCE. • TRIBAL GROUPS VIOLENTLY TRIED TO ACHIEVE THE TOP POWER STATUS. • NIGERIANS SPEAK 400 DIFFERENT LANGUAGES. • CORRUPTION AND BRIBERY WERE COMMON PLACE.

11. NIGERIAN INDEPENDENCE

12. CIVIL WAR IN NIGERIA • AS A RESULT, THE NIGERIANS FOUGHT A BITTER CIVIL WAR IN 1966. • THIS IS AN ALL TOO COM- • MON AOCCURENCE IN AFRICA. • NIGERIA BROKE INTO TWO • SEPARATE COUNTRIES BRIEFLY, • AND THEY ARE NOW RULED BY • MILITARY LEADERS.

13. SOUTH AFRICA • SOUTH AFRICA GAINED INDEPENDENCE FROM GREAT BRITAIN IN 1910. • THAT INDEPENDENCE WAS ONLY FOR WHITE • SOUTHAFRICANS HOWEVER. • SOUTH AFRICA WENT THROUGH A RECENT PERIOD OF TIME SIMILAR TO OUR CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. • SEGREGATION FOR THEM WAS CALLED APARTHEID.

14. SOUTH AFRICA THIS SOUTH AFRICAN SIGN IS SIMILAR TO THOSE SEEN IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES FROM 1865 – THE 1960’S THE LANGUAGES ARE ENGLISH AND AFRIKANS A LOCAL DUTCH LANGUAGE SPOKEN COMMONLY IN SOUTH AFRICA

15. RESISTANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA • SOUTH AFRICANS RESISTED MUCH LIKE AFRICAN AMERICANS OF THE SIXTIES. • HOWEVER, VIOLENCE DID OCCUR. APARTHEID ENDED IN 1991, AND BLACKS AND WHITES COULD VOTE TOGETHER FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1994.

16. NELSON MANDELA • HE WAS SOUTH AFRICA’S MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. • HE SPENT 27 YEARS IN PRISON FOR HIS ANTI-APARTHEID PROTESTS. • HE EVNTUALLY BECAME SOUTH AFRICA’S PRESIDENT; SERVING ONE TERM THEM RETIRING.

17. NELSON MANDELA AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

18. ECONOMIC SANCTIONS • THE U.S.A. AND GREAT BRITAIN HELPED SOUTH AFRICA’S ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT BY IMPOSING ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ON SOUTH AFRICA UNTIL THEY DID AWAY WITH APARTHEID.

19. WILLEM DE KLERK • WILLEM DE KLERK WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF SOUTH AFRICA IN 1989. • HE OPPOSED APARTHEID, AND WORKED TO SEE IT ENDED. • IN 1993, SOUTH AFRICA REWROTE ITS CONSTITUTION GIVING EQUAL RIGHTS TO ALL SOUTH AFRICANS.

20. WILLEM DE KLERK

21. KENYA • KENYA GAINED INDEPENDENCE IN 1963. • HOWEVER, ITS FIRST PRIME MINISTER WAS CORRUPT, AND HIS VICE PRES. THE PRIME MINISTER NOW IS ALSO. • THEY HAD ONLY A ONE PARTY SYSTEM UNTIL 1991, AFTER KENYANS PROTESTED VIOLENTLY. DANIEL ARAP MOI; CURRENT KENYAN PRIME MINISTER JOMO KENYATTA FIRST KENYAN PRIME MINISTER

22. EDUCATION IN KENYA • EDUCATION IS VERY IMPORTANT TO KENYANS. • THOUGH THE GOVERNMENT PAYS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, KENYANS HAVE TO PAY FOR SCHOOL BEYOND THAT LEVEL. • MANY KENYANS DO NOT WAIT FOR THE GOVERNMENT, THEY BUILD THEIR OWN SCHOOLS WHERE THEY NEED THEM.

23. HARAMBEE SCHOOLS

24. THE PAN-AFRICAN MOVEMENT • WE KNOW THE PAN-AFRICAN MOVEMENT WAS EFFECTIVE BECAUSE ALL AFRICAN COUNTRIES ARE INDEPENDENT TODAY. (WESTERN SAHARA) WILL BE SOON.