Generic Kritiks with Links

1. Generic Kritiks with Links • Deep Ecology • Heidegger • Bataille • Nietschze • Taoism

2. Kritiks on the Topic Tim Alderete The Meadows School

3. Topic Specific vs. Aff Specific • The Security Kritik vs. Astropolitiks • Astropolitiks vs. The Asteroid Kritik • Threat Construction vs. China Threat (Pan) • China Threat vs. The Pearl Harbor Kritik • Capitalism vs. Disposable Planet Mentality • Disposable Planet Mentality vs. Mars Colonialism

4. International Relations Realism Realpolitik • Anarchy – No Authority • States Have National Interests / Sovereignty • Zero Sum Competition – Relative vs Absolute Gains • Empirical / Externally Verifiable

5. Realism Sources • John Mearsheimer, Professor of International Relations at the University of Chicago 1995 “The False Promise of International Institutions” and “A Realist Reply” International Security, Spring/Summer pp 82-93 • Dale Copeland, Director Dept. of Government and Foreign Affairs @ University of Virginia, 2006 “The Constructivist Challenge to Structural Realism: A Review Essay”, Constructivism and International Relations, Alexander Wendt and His Critics

6. Astropolitiks

7. Astropolitiks Everett Dolman - Realism applied to Space • Zero Sum Competition • External Resources determine Power • Lack of Authority

8. Military Cases • ASATs • Missile Defense • Satellite Hardening / SSA • TSATs

9. Non Military Cases • Space Debris • SSP • Mining • Colonization

10. Implications • Military Industrial Complex – MacDonald • Authoritarian Space – Orr Orr, 4 – Professor of Sociology at Syracuse University (Jackie, The Militarization of Inner Space, Critical Sociology, Sage Journals) • Security Competition - Grondin

11. Alternatives Liberal Internationalism / Institutionalism • Arms Control / The Outer Space Treaty • Deterritorialization / Sovereignty in Space • David Grondin, 2006 – Assistant Professor, School of Political Studies, University of Ottawa The (Power) Politics of Space: The U.S. Astropolitical Discourse of Global Dominance in the War on Terror

12. Alternatives Critical Geography As has already been made clear, this sort of project is by no means new. Just as astropolitics situates itself within a Mackinderian geographical tradition, so a critical geography of outer space can draw on geography’s early modern cosmographical origins, as well as on more recent emancipatory perspectives that might interrogate the workings of race, class, gender and imperialism. Space is already being produced in and through Earthly regimes of power in ways that undoubtedly threaten social justice and democracy. A critical geography of space, then, is not some far-fetched or indulgent distraction from the ‘real world’; Fraser MacDonald: Anti-Astropolitik outer space and the orbit of geography 611 rather, as critical geographers we need to think about the contest for outer space as being constitutive of numerous familiar operations, not only in respect of international relations and the conduct of war, but also to the basic infrastructural maintenance of the state and to the lives of its citizenry. Fraser Macdonald, 2007– Professor of Human Geography at the University of Melbourne Anti-Astropolitik: Outer Space and the Orbit of Geography, Progress in Human Geography Online

13. Asteroid Kritik Felicity Mellor 2007 PhD Theoretical Physics Newcastle University, Colliding Worlds: Asteroid Research and the Legitimization of War in Space, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 37, Aug., pp. 499-531, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2547453,) *Credit to Whit Whitmore for the cite.

14. Asteroid Kritik

15. Asteroid! Kritik!

16. Asteroid Kritik • Threat construction / Anthropomorphism • Apocalyptic Rhetoric • Militarism / Justifying Star Wars/SDI

17. China Threat Kritik • Competition is inevitable • Capabilities determine Intentions • Realism applied in Asia • Self Fulfilling Prophecy

18. Pearl Harbor Kritik

19. Pearl Harbor Kritik • 2001 Space Commission for the Management of Space – Rumsfeld • Historical analogies as Narratives / Stories • Implied Messages in stories / Purposes of Narratives • National Stereotypes / Racialized Violence

20. Capitalism Kritik

21. Capitalism Kritik Consumer / Producer Relationship • Consumption is virtuous • Consumption / Production is Progressive • Economic competition will preserve scarce resources

22. Types of Links • Competition – Winners and Losers – Resource Conflicts • Consumption – Over exploitation of Resources • Commodification – reduction to Instrumental value / devaluation

23. Disposable Planet Mentality • “Infinite Resources” – technical vs. actual • Overconsumption mindset – Environment • Space Junk

24. Space Colonialism Kritik • History of Colonialism / spread of Neo Liberalism • Anthropocentrism • Potential for a Word PIC

25. Privatization Kritiks • Affirmatives using Market Mechanisms • Commodifying Space “Territory” and “Resources”

26. Frontier Myth Kritik • American mythology – Rugged Individualism • Lawless / Dangerous / Wasteland Imagery • Acceptance of Devaluation of life / “Vigilante” conflicts

27. Gender Kritik • Manned Space Flight – NASA culture • To Boldly go where no Man has gone before • Phallic Imagery

28. The Overview Effect

29. The Overview Effect • Mindset Change / Human Spaceflight • An Advantage • 100th Monkey

30. Heidegger • Technology / Technologic • Enlightenment / Rationality • Ontology and Ethics

31. Hope • Policy Making / Educated Hope – Giroux • Space and Hope – alternative to Astropolitik • Science Fiction / Scenarios

32. Anthropocentrism • SETI – Advantage • Colonization / Human Space Flight • Deep Ecology / Social Ecology

33. Bataille • Blah blahblahblah • Blah blahblahblah • Blah blah BLAU blah