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Sociology

Sociology. Unit 6. Sociology. Is the study of people’s behavior in groups (founded by August Comte- French mathematician and thinker). Why do people live in groups?. Many of an individual’s needs are satisfied through relationships with other people. People join groups to:

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Sociology

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  1. Sociology Unit 6

  2. Sociology • Is the study of people’s behavior in groups (founded by August Comte- French mathematician and thinker)

  3. Why do people live in groups? Many of an individual’s needs are satisfied through relationships with other people. People join groups to: -Satisfy their needs and wants. - Get things done

  4. Types of Groups • Primary- close relati0nship over a long period of time (family and close friends) • Secondary- form for a specific purpose- less loving, get things done. (friendship can develop from this group- work is an example)

  5. Groups continued • Community- group of people who live together and work for a common goal (neighborhood) • Society- largest group made up of many Primary, Secondary and Community groups. (USA) Note: an individual learns most of his behavior through interaction with others

  6. Key terms • Role- behavior a person is supposed to have in a particular group or society • Social Stratification- way a society ranks its members • Status- position a person holds in a group • Ascribed- granted • Achieved- earned • Prestige- respect for the position • Esteem- respect earned for a person through their work

  7. Socialization • Process of learning society’s rules • Norms- Standards of behavior a society approves of. • Folkways- customs or norms of politeness • Mores- norms that carry out moral judgment against a person. • Laws- formal rules enforced by a government of a society

  8. Sanctions • Rewards or punishments Ways groups interact with members -Give responsibility Take away - Praise Scold - Affection Physical Punishment - Giving privileges Take away - Protection Remove from group

  9. Institutions An individual must give up some of his or her freedom in order to satisfy his or her needs. Institutions help people obtain their most important needs

  10. Institution of Family • Nuclear Family- parents and children • Extended Family- 3 or 4 generations living together • One parent – single, divorced, widow (er) raising children • Blended- two different families come together for different reasons

  11. Marriage Patterns • Monogamy- one spouse at a time • Polygamy- more than one wife at a time (illegal in US) • Polyandry- more than one husband at a time (illegal in US)

  12. Authority Patterns • Matriarchal- mother authority • Patriarchal- father authority • Dem0cratic- shared authority

  13. Changes in the American Family • From: • Large to small • Rural to urban to suburban • Stable to mobile • Producer to consumer • Family centered to individual centered • Changing roles of women

  14. Institution of Education • Education should prepare children to enter the adult world and help them grow, develop and survive. • It does this by: -Passing on the roles from one generation to the next -How to adapt and survive in the environment (Society) -Teach us the ideas of the past

  15. Institution of Religion • Meets the needs to worship and understand the meaning of life.

  16. Institution of Government • Makes and enforces laws to keep society running smoothly (protects the norms) - Protection- provides security - Passes norms from one generation to the next by protecting the norms - Acts as representatives when dealing with foreign governments Territoriality-protecting one’s own space

  17. Institution of Economics • Allows us to specialize in our world, how we make a living. • Industry/business- where we work • Labor- workers

  18. Value • Belief in the goodness or badness of someone or something.

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