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CROSS-SCALE and SCOPE:

CROSS-SCALE and SCOPE:. The future in Space Plasma Physics. Matt Taylor on behalf of Steve Schwartz, Masaki Fujimoto and the Cross-Scale and SCOPE Teams. http://sci.esa.int/crossscale http://www.cross-scale.org. The Influence of Solar Variability on Geophysical and Heliospheric Phenomena

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CROSS-SCALE and SCOPE:

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  1. CROSS-SCALE and SCOPE: The future in Space Plasma Physics Matt Taylor on behalf of Steve Schwartz, Masaki Fujimoto and the Cross-Scale and SCOPE Teams http://sci.esa.int/crossscale http://www.cross-scale.org The Influence of Solar Variability on Geophysical and Heliospheric Phenomena 2009 ILWS Workshop, Itamambuca Eco Resort, Ubatuba beach, Brazil

  2. Outline • Motivation • Science Questions • Science Overview • Shocks • Reconnection • Turbulence • Coupling • Cross-Scale • SCOPE • Next Steps AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  3. Plasma Universe

  4. Motivation • 3 universal phenomena control plasmas • Shocks • Reconnection • Turbulence • Responsible for • Particle Acceleration • Energy and momentum exchange • Transport • in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  5. Top-level Science Questions • How do shocks accelerate and heat particles? • Acceleration mechanisms? • Energy Partition? • Variability? • How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? • Initiation? • Magnetic topology? • Particle acceleration? • How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? • Energy cascade? • Anisotropies? • Coherent structures? AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  6. Top-level Science Questions • How do shocks accelerate and heat particles? • Acceleration mechanisms? • Energy Partition? • Variability? • How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? • Initiation? • Magnetic topology? • Particle acceleration? • How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? • Energy cascade? • Anisotropies? • Coherent structures? AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  7. Top-level Science Questions • How do shocks accelerate and heat particles? • Acceleration mechanisms? • Energy Partition? • Variability? • How does reconnection convert magnetic energy? • Initiation? • Magnetic topology? • Particle acceleration? • How does turbulence control transport in plasmas? • Energy cascade? • Anisotropies? • Coherent structures?

  8. Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  9. Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks

  10. Cross-Scale Coupling at Shocks

  11. Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection

  12. Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection

  13. Cross-Scale Coupling and Reconnection

  14. Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence

  15. Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence

  16. Cross-Scale Coupling and Turbulence

  17. Observational Challenges • Time-varying • Fundamentally 3D • 3 spatial & temporal scales • electron • ion • fluid • Nonlinearly coupled • Collisionless ⇒ Kinetic • Plasma ⇔EM fields • Can’t sample distant astro-plasmas • Near Earth space provides an excellent laboratory A collisionless Shock

  18. Length and Time Scale in Geospace Example of the various scale lengths and time scales present in the near-Earth environment. The smallest lengths and shortest timescales correspond to electron dynamics, followed by ion scales to eventually the fluid scales that set the context and driving conditions for the phenomena of interest. The coupling between the various scales requires measurements at least two scales simultaneously.

  19. State of the Art • Cluster • First 3D plasma measurements • One scale at a time • Results highlighted need for multi-scale • Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D • MMS • Access to electron scales in 3D • Only one scale at a time • THEMIS • Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere • Not universal cross-scale physics

  20. State of the Art • Cluster • First 3D plasma measurements • One scale at a time • Results highlighted need for multi-scale • Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D • MMS • Access to electron scales in 3D • Only one scale at a time • THEMIS • Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere • Not universal cross-scale physics

  21. State of the Art • Cluster • First 3D plasma measurements • One scale at a time • Results highlighted need for multi-scale • Success of mission extension also confirming need for multiple scales in 3D • MMS • Access to electron scales in 3D • Only one scale at a time • THEMIS • Global Sun-Earth Magnetosphere • Not universal cross-scale physics

  22. Requirements • Key Concepts • <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <> • Simultaneous multi-scale • Fields & particles • Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratory • Mission Design • Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload • Ion Scale: Targeted payload • Fluid Scale Context payload • Focus: coupling between scales • The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence

  23. Requirements • Key Concepts • <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <> • Simultaneous multi-scale • Fields & particles • Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratory • Full Cross-Scale Mission Concept • Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload • Ion Scale: Targeted payload • Fluid Scale Context payload • Focus: coupling between scales • The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s

  24. Requirements • Key Concepts • <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <> • Simultaneous multi-scale • Fields & particles • Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratory • Full Cross-Scale Mission Concept • Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload • Ion Scale: Targeted payload • Fluid Scale Context payload • Focus: coupling between scales • The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s

  25. Requirements • Key Concepts • <Behaviour> ≠ Behaviour of <> • Simultaneous multi-scale • Fields & particles • Near-Earth: unique in-situ plasma laboratory • Full Cross-Scale Mission Concept • Electron Scale: Comprehensive payload • Ion Scale: Targeted payload • Fluid Scale Context payload • Focus: coupling between scales • The Cross-Scale mission is dedicated to the study of the cross-scale coupling of Reconnection, Shocks and Turbulence 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s

  26. Missions Focus: coupling between scales ESA - Cross-Scale JAXA/CSA - SCOPE 10 km; 10 ms 500 km; 1-5 s 5000 km; 30 s

  27. Cross-Scale Mission Study • The Cross-Scale mission has been the subject of an assessment study as part of ESA’s Cosmic Vision Plan for the ESA Science Programme • Cross-Scale is an M-Class mission candidate, due for launch in 2017. • The assessment study consisted of two parallel, recently concluded, industrial studies from 2007-2009. • Science input was via a Science Study Team, comprising of a group of international scientists (Europe, Japan, US, Canada) led by Professor Steven J. Schwartz • In parallel to the industrial activities, a number of instrument teams or consortia have been working on the scientific payload elements of the mission

  28. Cross-Scale Mission Study Baseline • Roughly equatorial (14∘) 10 x 25 RE orbit will enable numerous opportunity to investigate: • Shocks • Reconnection • Turbulence • 7 ESA spacecraft, launched on Soyuz-Fregat • Spacecraft will form 2 nested tetrahedra with shared corner to sample 2 scale simultaneously: • First year of mission • Ion-Electron scales • Second year of mission • Ion-Fluid scales

  29. Cross-Scale Mission Study Baseline • Roughly equatorial (14∘) 10 x 25 RE orbit will enable numerous opportunity to investigate: • Shocks • Reconnection • Turbulence • 7 ESA spacecraft, launched on Soyuz-Fregat • Spacecraft will form 2 nested tetrahedra with shared corner to sample 2 scales simultaneously: • First year of mission • Ion-Electron scales • Second year of mission • Ion-Fluid scales

  30. Cross-Scale Mission Study Two different designs

  31. Cross-Scale Mission Study Option 1: the spacecraft are built around a 1666 mm cylinder. Spacecraft diameter is ~2.5 m, height 50 cm

  32. Cross-Scale Mission Study Option 2: the spacecraft are octagonal prism structures, 1.59 m in diameter and 0.98 in height

  33. SCOPE Larger scale context Electron-scale physics with the M-ND pair Daughter(near)：5km 〜 100ｋｍ Daughter (far) Ultra high-speed electron measurements Daughter (far) Daughter(far)：5km 〜 5000km Daughter (far)

  34. SCOPE Current Status Passed Mission Design Review in January 2009 System Requirements Review at the end of Phase A will be joint with CSA (in less than 2 years time). LoI between CSA and JAXA for the joint Phase A and SRR being drafted.

  35. SCOPE Launch configuration requires only half of by H-2A capacity Mother Satellite φ3.0m×h1.2m，600kg JAXA: Mother, Near Daughter + Dispenser CSA: Far Daughter x 3 Dual launch partner? Over 1 tonne spare capacity 2~3 s/c of 150kg class Other international partners? US, Russia, China, Taiwan Dispenser Module Daughter Satellite ×4 φ1.5m×h0.6m，150kg

  36. Cross-Scale – SCOPE Next Steps- AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  37. Cross-Scale + SCOPE Location AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

  38. Cross-Scale – SCOPE Thank you for your attention AOGS 2009 ST06-A006

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