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Physical science in genetics

Physical science in genetics. By Hailey Reiss. The beginning of genetics. Why is Mendel known as the “Father of Genetics”?. Gregor Johann Mendel. Mendel was an Austrian monk who resided in a monastery in Brunn , Moravia He was born on July 22 nd , 1822, and died in 1884

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Physical science in genetics

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  1. Physical science in genetics By Hailey Reiss

  2. The beginning of genetics Why is Mendel known as the “Father of Genetics”?

  3. Gregor Johann Mendel • Mendel was an Austrian monk who resided in a monastery in Brunn, Moravia • He was born on July 22nd, 1822, and died in 1884 • He was made an Abbott in 1868 until his death.

  4. Discovering Genetics • He tracked specific traits through many different generations, and found the following three ratios: 100% had the trait, 75% had the trait, or 50% had the trait. • These results were similar, regardless if he was looking for height, color, texture, etc. • Mendel dedicated his life to discovering the secrets to genetics. • To find out about genetics, Mendel crossbred pea plants and then studied the following physical traits: the height of the pea plants (Tall/short), the flower color (White/purple), and the pea’s texture (Smooth/wrinkled).

  5. What Did Mendel Discover? • Dominant and recessive genes • Heterozygous and homozygous genes • Some genes have only partial dominance • Every now and then, a new characteristic appeared in the pea plants. This is called a genetic mutation. • Phenotypes and Genotypes: how something appears, and an internal element that gives the external characteristic respectively.

  6. Law of Segregation 50% of sperm/egg cells carry on gene of a specific trait, and 50% carry the other. New Laws Law of Independent Assortment Genes for different characteristics are passed on independently of one another. This is only true if the genes are on different chromosomes.

  7. Genetics now Is genetic engineering helping or endangering the agricultural world?

  8. Genetic Engineering: A Brief Overview Genetic engineering is the use of technology to alter the genetic material of an organism. • Genetic engineering really started to kick off in the 1980’s. • It’s used in many fields, but has become a key role in agriculture and medicine.

  9. Genetic Engineering in Agriculture • Technique 1: Bacterial Vector • Technique 2: Biolistics

  10. First Successes • The first success was a tobacco plant in 1983, to make it resistant to an antibiotic • The first food success was the FlavrSavr tomato in 1993. This tomato had a delayed ripening, so it remained firmer in transportation.

  11. Genetic engineering is a possible solution for eliminating world hunger. • Genetically modified plants grow faster, produce more, and are resistant to pests. Positives • Researchers are testing the possibility to grow plants that can survive in hot deserts and salt-rich soil.

  12. “Superweeds” could be created, and certain insects could become extinct. • Unpredictable outcomes for the plants are possible. It’s still a relatively new technology. Negatives • GMO could produce substances that could be harmful to people with allergies to them. • Biodiversity has decreased.

  13. In Conclusion… Opinions on genetic engineering are, unfortunately, clouded by political and economical views. But, we wouldn’t even be here, debating on whether or not genetic engineering is helpful or hurtful, if it wasn’t for Gregor Mendel using physical science to discover genetics.

  14. Work cited • Freedman, Jeri. Everything You Need to Know About Genetically Modified Foods. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2003. Print. • Wanjie, Anne. The Basics of Genetics. New York: Rosen Group, 2014. Print. • Freedman, Jeri. How Do We Know About Genetics and Heredity. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 2005. Print.

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