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Washington Heads the New Government. Chapter 6 Section 1. I the New Gov’t Takes Shape. Washington & Congress had to make decisions about gov’t w/o any references Set precedents for presidents & administrations after him Precedents=prior example. A. Judiciary Act of 1798.
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Washington Heads the New Government Chapter 6 Section 1
I the New Gov’t Takes Shape • Washington & Congress had to make decisions about gov’t w/o any references • Set precedents for presidents & administrations after him • Precedents=prior example
A. Judiciary Act of 1798 • Constitution stated Congress had to set up federal court system • Judiciary Act of 1789 • SC consisting of a chief justice & 5 associates • Fed. Circuit cts & fed. District cts. • Section 25 of Judiciary act allowed for appeal in fed. Ct. • Guaranteed fed. Laws would be “supreme law of the land”
B. Washington Shapes the Executive • Originally consisted of 2 officials (Pres. & VP) • Added 3 exec. Dept. to help them govern • Dept. of State= foreign affairs (Jefferson) • Dept. of war= military matters • Dept. of Treasury= manages country’s finances (Hamilton) • Cabinet= presidents chief advisors who were the heads of each dept. • Sets precedent of making and meeting with his cabinet
II Hamilton & Jefferson DebateA. Hamilton & Jefferson in Conflict Hamilton • Strong central gov’t • Commerce & industry key to strong nation • Found support in the north Jefferson • Favored state and local gov’t • Believed faming was key to strong nation • Much support in south & west
B. Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Proposed nat’l banking system • US owed debt from rev. to foreign nations • Bonds= certificate that promised payments plus interest • Suggested issuing new bonds over old ones and the nat’l gov’t assumed state debts • Angered S states because they paid of most their debt 7 they thought they would be taxed to help pay N debt
C. Plan for Nat’l Bank • Nat’l bank would be funded by gov’t & private investors • Tying private investors to bank would tie them to the country’s wellbeing • Opponents (Madison) claimed bank was alliance between gov’t and wealthy • Also argued that Constitution did not mention the ability to create a nat’l bank • Strict v loose constructionists
D. District of Columbia • Hamilton suggests moving capital from NYC to southern city to gain support for nat’l bank • Southern states agree to vote for Hamilton's bank plan if the capital is moved • Congress passes bank bill & new capital city (DC)
III the 1st Political Parties • Differences among Hamilton & Jefferson divided nat’l politics • Federalists & Republicans • Argues over power and size of gov’t • Federalists= favored strong central gov’t (Hamilton) • Republicans= favored strong state gov’ts (Jefferson) • Rep. became Dem-Rep Democrats • 2 party system established before GW leaves office
B. Whiskey Rebellion • Congress passes Protective Tariff • Protective tariff= import tax on goods produced in Europe • Congress passes excise tax on whiskey • Excise tax= tax on products manufacture, sale, or distribution • Whiskey main source of cash for frontier farmersangered by tax • Whiskey rebellion= refused to pay tax and took up arms against fed. Marshalls • Fed. Troops step in an put down rebellion • Demonstrated the ability of fed. Gov’t to enforce its laws and sets precedent of Pres. calling up state militia for fed. purposes
