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Loic Nunez & Denis Boudreau June, 2008 – UPA Conference

Loic Nunez & Denis Boudreau June, 2008 – UPA Conference. Ergonomics & Accessibility: WCAG 1.0 checkpoints illustrated by Bastien-Scapin's ergonomics criterias. Summary. Introduction Use cases 1 & 2 Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias An extending approach to website auditing

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Loic Nunez & Denis Boudreau June, 2008 – UPA Conference

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  1. Loic Nunez & Denis Boudreau June, 2008 – UPA Conference Ergonomics & Accessibility: WCAG 1.0 checkpoints illustrated by Bastien-Scapin's ergonomics criterias

  2. Summary • Introduction • Use cases 1 & 2 • Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias • An extending approach to website auditing • Questions & Answers

  3. Introduction • Denis BOUDREAU • General director, AccessibilitéWeb • Accessibility and web standards expert • ISO user interface committee member • SGQRI-008 co-writer (Quebec Gov. accessibility standard) • Loic NUNEZ • Director, user experience group, TechSolCom • Usability & Accessibility expert • Member of AccessibilitéWeb • Msc. in cognitive ergonomics & Msc. in psychology

  4. Summary • Introduction • Use cases 1 & 2 • Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias • An extending approach to website auditing • Questions & Answers

  5. Use case 1: An Accessible web page, but not for all... • A product page, viewed normally (1024x768) and viewed with a strong  zooming adjustment (x5 with Zoomtext) Where is the price?

  6. Use case 2: Top 200 accessible websites of 2007 in Quebec • Summary • Methodology • Checklists • Findings Online Study 

  7. Summary • Introduction • Use cases 1 & 2 • Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias • An extending approach to website auditing • Questions & Answers

  8. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Guidance User Guidance refers to the means available to advise, orient, inform, instruct, and guide the users throughout their interactions with a computer. Guidance The Guidance criterion is subdivided into four criterias: - Prompting, - Grouping/Distinction of Items, - Immediate Feedback, - Legibility.

  9. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Workload The Workload criterion concerns all interface elements that play a role in the reduction of the users’ perceptual or cognitive load, and in the increase of the dialogue efficiency. This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Brevity - Information Density. Guidance Workload

  10. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Explicit Control The criterion Explicit Control concerns both the system processing of explicit user actions, and the control users have on the processing of their actions by the system. This criterion is subdivided into two criteria: - Explicit User Action - User Control. Guidance Workload Explicit Control

  11. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Adaptability The adaptability of a system refers to its capacity to behave contextually and according to the users’ needs and preferences. The criterion Adaptability is subdivided into two criteria: - Flexibility - User Experience. Guidance Workload Explicit Control Adaptability

  12. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Error Management The Error Management criterion refers to the means available to prevent or reduce errors and to recover from them when they occur. Errors are defined in this context as invalid data entry, invalid format for data entry, incorrect command syntax, etc. This criterion is subdivided into three criteria: - Error Protection - Quality of Error Messages - Error Correction. Guidance Workload Explicit Control Adaptability Error Management

  13. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Consistency The Consistency criterion refers to the way interface design choices (codes, naming, formats, procedures, etc.) are maintained in similar contexts, and are different when applied to different contexts. Guidance Workload Explicit Control Adaptability Error Management Consistency

  14. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Significance of codes The Significance of Codes criterion qualifies the relationship between a term and/or a sign and its reference. Codes and names are significant to the users when there is a strong semantic relationship between such codes and the items or actions they refer to. Guidance Workload Explicit Control Adaptability Error Management Consistency Significance of codes

  15. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias • Compatibility The Compatibility criterion refers to the match between users’ characteristics (memory, perceptions, customs, skills, age, expectations, etc.) and task characteristics on the one hand, and the organisation of the output, input, and dialogue for a given application, on the other hand. This criterion also concerns the coherence between environments and between applications. Guidance Workload Explicit Control Adaptability Error Management Consistency Significance of codes Compatibility

  16. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Accessibility directives & how they relate to usability principles • WCAG 1.0 rules and checkpoints reorganized • WCAG 1.0 checkpoints classified by themes

  17. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°1 : Structure • Such as: Semantic information to pages and sites (title tag), header elements to convey document structure (h1 to h6), etc. • Relates to: Guidance & Consistency

  18. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°2 : Textual Equivalent • Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like images, imagemaps, animations, etc. (in the form of alt, title or  longdesc attributes), etc. • Relates to: Consistency Textual Equivalents

  19. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°3 : Multimedia Content • Such as: Providing text equivalent for every non-text element like animations, video, audio, applets, downloadable documents, etc. (with appropriate means), etc. • Relates to: Consistency Textual equivalents Multimedia Content

  20. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°4 : Forms • Such as: Creating explicit associations between labels and form controls, dividing large blocks of information into more manageable groups, etc. • Relates to: Guidance, Explicit Control, Error Management, Significance of codes Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms

  21. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°5 : Tables • Such as: Identifying row and column headers for data tables, associating data cells and header cells with proper markup, not using  tables for layout unless the table makes sense when linearized, etc. • Relates to: Guidance, Workload, Adaptability, Significance of codes Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables

  22. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°6 : Page Layout • Such as: Using CSS to control layout and presentation, organizing documents so they may be read without CSS, ensuring that all  information conveyed with color is also available without color, etc. • Relates to: Adaptability Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables Page Layout

  23. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°7 : Validation • Such as: Creating documents that validate to published formal grammars, avoiding deprecated features of W3C technologies, etc. • Relates to: N ̸ A Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables Page Layout Validation

  24. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°8 : Interactivity • Such as: Ensuring that pages are usable when scripts, applets, or other programmatic objects are turned off or not supported, ensuring that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes, etc. • Relates to: Guidance, Consistency, Compatibility Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables Page Layout Validation Interactivity

  25. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°9 : Navigation • Such as: Using navigation mechanisms in a consistent manner, not  using markup to redirect pages automatically, not creating periodically auto-refreshing pages, etc. • Relates to: Guidance, Workload, Consistency Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables Page Layout Validation Interactivity Navigation

  26. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°10 : Comprehension • Such as: Using the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's content, clearly identifying changes in the natural language of a document's text and any text equivalents, etc. • Relates to: Workload, Significance of codes Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables Page Layout Validation Interactivity Navigation Comprehension

  27. Merging WCAG 1.0 & Bastien-Scapin's criterias Structure Theme N°11 : Frames • Such as: Titling each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation, describing the purpose of frames and how frames relate to  each other if it is not obvious by frame titles alone, etc. • Relates to: Explicit Control Textual Equivalents Multimedia Content Forms Tables Page Layout Validation Interactivity Navigation Comprehension Frames

  28. Merging Summary of criterias & themes relationship (overview) Guidance Structure – Forms –Tables – Links – Colors – Interactivity - Navigation Workload Forms – Tables – Multimedia content – Navigation - Comprehension Explicit Control Interactivity – Multimedia content – Forms - Frames Adaptability Tables – Page Layout –Multimedia content Error Management Forms – User controls Consistency Structure – Text equivalent – Interactivity – Navigation - Colors Significance of codes Forms – Tables - Comprehension Compatibility Multimedia content – Interactivity

  29. Summary • Introduction • Use cases 1 & 2 • Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias • An extending approach to Website auditing • Questions & Answers

  30. An extanding approach to Website auditing • Conduct an ergonomics audit based on Scapin-Bastien's criterias • Conduct an accessibility audit based on the WCAG 1.0 checkpoints • Integrate the results of both analysis in one referential document • Make recommendations on the ergonomics quality of a website,  including technical qualities related to accessibility checkpoints  that are not related to ergonomics (CSS validation, alts attributes, etc.)‏ • Plan user testing with specific participants: disabilities, senior,  young and all relevant target audiences • Compile expert analysis and user testing results in order to propose realistic, applicable improvement solutions that answer to the users‘ needs and meet their capabilities in regards to the application or website.

  31. Summary • Introduction • Use cases 1 & 2 • Merging WCAG 1.0 & Scapin-Bastien's criterias • An extending approach to Website auditing • Questions & Answers

  32. Questions & Answers Thank you for your attention. Any questions? This presentation is available at: http://www.accessibiliteweb.com/conferences/06/upa-baltimore

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