The Turbulent 60s

1. The Turbulent 60s

2. 1960 Election • Nixon – Republican candidate (former vice president for Eisenhower) • Kennedy – Democratic candidate-43 year old senator from Massachusetts

3. TV’s role in Election • Most decisive factor in the race for presidency • First four televised debates • Kennedy appeared more vigorous and comfortable

4. Kennedy • New Frontier • “The Torch has been passed to a new generation” • Administration was dubbed Camelot

5. Kennedy’s Domestic Policy • Called for aid in education • Federal support of health care • Civil rights legislation • Urban renewal • Most none were passed Economy stimulated due to increased spending for defense and space

6. Assassination in Dallas • Lee Harvey Oswald accused gunman • Many conspiracies linked to assassination – none have proved creditable • Marked the beginning for distrust in government

7. Kennedy’s Legacy • “ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country” • Peace Corp • Inspired thousands to public service

8. Johnson’s Great Society • Medicare – health insurance for those over 65 • Medicaid – health care for poor and disabled • Elementary and Secondary Education Act – provided funding to poor school districts • National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities

9. Johnson’s Great Society cont. • HUD • Increased funding for secondary education • Increased funding for public housing • Increased funding for crime prevention • Regulated automobile industry • Civil Rights Act of 1964

10. Student Movement • Tom Hayden – leader of a group of radical students • Port Huron statement – university decisions made through participatory democracy • SDS – Students for a Democratic Society

11. Free Speech Movement • University of California 1964 • Called an end to university restrictions on student political activities • Student demonstrations grew with the escalation of Vietnam War –many closed down by protests Kent State - 1970

12. Weathermen • Radical fringe of SDS • Embraced violence and vandalism on American institutions • Angered by the Vietnam War • Discredited early idealism of the New Left • Led the protests at the Chicago Democratic convention

13. Counterculture • Expressed by youth in rebellious styles of dress, music, drug use and communal living • Bob Dylan and Joan Baez gave voice to protests • Beatles, Janis Joplin, Rolling Stones provided the beat • Dress code for “hippies” • Long hair, beard, and jeans

14. Warren CourtChanges in Criminal Law • Mapp v. Ohio – ruled illegally seized evidence cannot be used in court against the accused • Gideon v. Wainwright – required that courts provide an attorney for poor defendants • Escobedo v. Illinois – required police to inform an arrested person of their rights • Miranda v. Arizona – accused has the right to an attorney present during questioning

15. Expression and Privacy • Yates v. U.S. – First Amendment protected radical and revolutionary speech, even by Communists unless it presented a “clear and present danger” to country • Engel v. Vitale – prayer and Bible readings in public schools violated separation of church and state • Griswold v. Connecticut – right to privacy – a state could not prohibit the use of contraceptives

16. Women’s Movement • The Feminine Mystique by Betty Fiedan encouraged middle-class women to seek fulfillment in careers rather than confining roles as wives, mothers, and homemakers • NOW – National Organization for Women goal- secure equal treatment of Women • ERA – passed in 1972 – equality of rights under the law shall not be denied based on sex • Accomplishments -changes in employment and hiring practices

17. Art of the 60s • Andy Warhol • Famous pop artist • Removed the difference between fine arts and commercial arts • Painted objects of mass production • Produced silk screens and posters using mass production

18. documents in detail the true menace to the ecosystem caused by harmful pesticides • awakened society to a responsibility to other forms of life • is credited with launching the contemporary environmental movement

19. 1968: Coming Apart at Home • January – Tet Offensive • March – My Lai massacre • April – Martin Luther King assassinated • June – Robert Kennedy assassinated

20. Martin Luther King • Civil rights leader committed to nonviolent protests • March on Washington 1963 – most successful peaceful marches in history – delivered “I have a Dream” speech • Appealed to end racial prejudice

21. Robert Kennedy Assassinated June 5, 1968 • Presidential candidate 1968 • Shot and killed by a young Arab nationalists who opposed Kennedy’s support for Israel

22. Chicago Democratic Convention: 1968 • Hubert Humphrey emerged as the candidate controlling the convention inside • Outside antiwar demonstrators controlled the streets • Chicago’s Mayor Richard Daley had the police out in mass – seen on TV as “police riot” Battle of Lincoln Park

23. Chicago SEVEN • “YIPPIES” Youth International Party • Accused of conspiring to incite the riot at the Democratic National Convention, 1968 • Government reports placed the blame on Daley and police department • Sentenced to five years; overturned in 1972 by federal appeals court Jerry Ruben, Abby Hoffman, Tom Hayden, David Dellinger, John Froines, Lee Weiner and Bobby Seale

24. 1968 Candidates • Hubert Humphrey – Democrat (New Deal coalition) • George Wallace – American Independent Party (hostility towards antiwar protests and segregation) • Richard Nixon –Republican (peace with honor)

25. Significance: Election of 1968 Voters sent a very strong message Supporters of Nixon and Wallace (“Silent Majority”) had enough of the protests, violence, the counterculture, drugs, and federal intervention in socialinstitutions – tide was turning on the New Deal liberalism in favor of the conservatives

26. WOODSTOCK 1969

27. One Last Fling for the “Hippies” • Woodstock music festival in upper New York • Put together by four young entrepreneurs between the ages 24-26 • ~500,000 “hippies” gathered peacefully to listen to music