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Trends and Skill Needs in the Tourism Sector: International Workshop

This workshop explores the current trends and skill needs in the tourism sector, with a specific focus on Montenegro. It addresses the challenges faced by the industry and highlights the importance of training and education in developing a qualified and competent workforce.

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Trends and Skill Needs in the Tourism Sector: International Workshop

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  1. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training skillsnet Trends and Skill Needs in The tourism Sector International Workshop Bozidar Šišević Podgorica, 25.04. 2004.

  2. Background Montenegro is a small Mediterranean country. The length of the coastline is 293.5 km, of which 117 km are beaches. Huge variety: high rugged mountains and deep ravines alternate with expansive plains and a fascinating coast. • Surface 13.812km2 • Population 617.740 • Population per km2 44,72 • % population growth 4,5% (2003) • GDP in millions of Euro 1.328 (2003 – estimate) • GDP per capita (Euro) 2.150 (2003 – estimate) • % Annual inflation Approximately 7,8% (2003) • Number of employed 175.000 (2002 – LFS) • Number of unemployed 70.000 (2002 – LFS and reg.) • Rate of unemployed 20% (LFS – estimate) 30% (estimate – registered)

  3. Structure of the economy – importance of the tourism sector in the economy in 2003 (according to 2003 – Travel and Tourisms – Economic impact data) • 190,9 mil. Euros – total income (direct and indirect effect), and it makes 14,4% of GDP. • 102,8 mil. Euros – total income (direct effect) • Total employment is 22.077 or 14,5% of total employed (direct and indirect effect). • Total employment is 11.892 or 7,8% (direct effect only) • Capital investment is 37,8 mil. Euro (14,3% of total investment) • Government expenditures make 12,5 mil. Euro (or 2,7% share in total Government expenditure).

  4. Main characteristics of tourism sector in Montenegro(estimate is that we are on the 50% of the level before 90s) Tourism industry in the period 1990-2000. • Total number of beds reduced from 146.379 to 93.996 • Reduced total number of tourist nights from 10,8 million to 4,5 million • Number of beds in hotels increased from 22.400 to 25.800 • Reduced number of nights in hotels from 3,3 million to 1,8 million • Percentage of filling hotels 19,5% • Average price in hotel in tourist arrangements 25-45 DEM (polupansion) Overall state of the sector: • “Cheap vacation” • Hotels ruined (only 2000 to 3000 hotel bads sutisfied interna. standards) • Short season (average two months) • Domination of domestic guests (85% from Montenegro and Serbia) • Less than 10% of foreign tourists from the West (fall from 60% to 10% in hotels) • Lost market • People untrained • Limited investment – enterprises do not have sources to invest in the hotels • Privatization is moving slowly and with difficulties • No world-famous hotel chains are interested to buy or invest in our hotels • Hotel buyers are mostly domestic or Russians • Poor infrastructure (roads, water supply, sewage, airports) • Big informal sector (private rooms and summerhouses – close to 100.000 beds)

  5.  Training providers A. Schools. • Initial training is mostly done in schools – in school workshops. • In period 2002-2003 there were 20.811 students in VET schools. Out of that in the sector of trade, tourism and catering there were 3.854 students or 18,5%. There are 16 VET schools which provide education and training for trade, tourism and catering. • Small number of students received additional practical training (on-the-job training).

  6. Shortage of labour and shortage of qualified and competent labour force Characteristics of labour force in tourism Manpower and workforce • There is a shortage of trained and competent workforce of all levels and profiles: • Top management, • Middle management, • Owners in the private sector, • Qualified workers – cooks, • Tourist guides, • Tourist animators, • Semi qualified and unqualified workers – maids, servants. • Reasons: • Low earnings, • Unfavourable working conditions, • Seasonal (short) employment.

  7. A. Problems of training in schools during 90s: • Schools did not have basic equipment and materials, • Some (but small number) of schools made a contract with some hotel or restaurant to provide on-the-job training, • There was not a system of apprenticeship training, • Small influence of business on education and training programmes, • Inadequate education and training programmes (small amount of practical training, • Hotels and other tourist institutions invest little in training of their staff. • B. Hotels and private employers. • There is a small number of organized training programmes • Low investment in training

  8. C. Employment Agency of Montenegro – Training Centers and International cooperation. • Employment Agency invests in training of the unemployed and employed. Additional training programmes are delivered in schools, hotels and training centres. • 1. EU CARDS programme – VET Project Montenegro • 2. Chamber of Commerce Coblinc, Germany (equipment for school workshop, teacher training and preparation of training programmes) • 3. Grone school, Libek, Germany • 4. GTZ, Germany • 5. Training Center for workforce in Tourism and Catering in Herceg Novi. • Center was established in 2002. • Cooperation with Grone school from Libek (Germany) and GTZ

  9. Surveys I Employment needs by the size of company and by municipalities • Interviewed 9.749 employers • Expressed employment needs 15.223 (mostly permanent employment)

  10. II Employment Need Analysis for seasonal workers in tourism and catering. • In March 2004 survey was undertaken within employers who employed more than 10 seasonal workers. Survey undertaken by Employment Agency of Montenegro – Burreau Herceg Novi. • In 2003 around 20.000 seasonal workers were employed in Montenegro alltogather. • In 2004, 4.251 employers in turism and catering with more then 10 emploees ware interwued. • Expressed needs for 9450 seasonal workers in the sectors of tourism and catering. • Structure of employment needs for seasonal workers in tourism and catering in 2004. • 2.500 waiters and bartenders, • 2.000 assistant workers in restaurants, • 1.500 salesmen, • 900 maids, • 600 cooks, • 500 non-qualified workers, • 500 cleaning ladies, • 400 attendants, • 150 receptionists, • 100 confectioners, • 100 grill makers, • 100 gardeners, • 100 life-savers and workers on the beach. • Total 9.450

  11. Future perspective – new trends and developmentTourism designated as the sector of highest priority • Master plan about development of tourism in Montenegro until 2020. • (prepared by DEG – German Investment and Development Company for Federal Ministry of Economic Operation and Development) • The most important document on tourism produced so far • Approved by Government in May 2001. • All ministries have to take it into consideration Identified potentials for development: • The length of the coastline is 293.5 km, of which 117 km are beautiful beaches, • Sandy beaches (very often compared with Majorca) • Clear, sparkling sea, • Untouched environment, • Mild and pleasant climate and sunny weather, • Clean mountain lakes and rivers (often compared with Northern Italy and Switzerland) • Huge variety: high rugged mountains and deep ravines alternate with expansive plains and a fascinating coast.

  12. Maritime tourism Culture - Nature Cures and health Mountain hiking Congresses and incentives Target groups Sport and fun Agro-tourism Events and adventure Golf Bathing tourists Private lodgings Hotels Fewo Camping

  13. Master Plan -main goals, priorities, principles and reccommenations • Tourism – sector designated as a first order priority, • Changing structure of the tourist product – increase of quality of tourist product (service), • Attracting foreign tourist with higher income and higher purchasing power, • Increasing diversity of services – standardization and specialization, • 3 to 5 star hotels – main element of increase services, • Upgrading of existing and bulding new hotels, • Distinctive products, • Individualized products, • Promoting private initiative.

  14. Short-term, med-term and long-term expetations for development • Short-term perspective – next few years to catch up with where we were at the end of 1980s 2.Master Plan-predictions for 2010. • Estimated rate of growth of income in tourism 10%, • Total income 530,6 mil. Euro • Total number of beds 225.000 • Total number of beds in hotels 50.000 • Total nights 15.675.000 • Total increase of employment in 25.000 (one new hotel bed creates one new job, directly (0,3) and indirectly (0,7)) 3. Master plan – predictions for 2020. • Total income 1.151 mil. Euro • Total number of beds 280.000 • Total number of beds in hotels 100.000 • Total nights 25.850.000 • Total increase of employment around 50 to 70 000 people, nearly 50% of the total employment.

  15. Master Plan-proposals for Labour force in tourism and catering The following specialists will be needed for the future development: • Experts in tourism industry, leisure, marketing • Experts in hotel business and vocational training • Landscape management and national parks • Environment, regional planning and transport • Architecture and interior design • Building and hotel engineering • Supply and waste management • Culture and education • Economics, labour and social policy • Law and administration.

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