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Journey Through Music

Journey Through Music. EQ: How has history shaped the development of music?. Middle Ages Renaissance Baroque Classic Romantic 20 th Century. 400-1400 AD 1400-1600 AD 1600-1750 AD 1750-1825 AD 1825-1900 AD 1900-2000 AD. Time Periods & Dates. Middle Ages. Life in the Middle Ages

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Journey Through Music

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  1. Journey Through Music EQ: How has history shaped the development of music?

  2. Middle Ages Renaissance Baroque Classic Romantic 20th Century 400-1400 AD 1400-1600 AD 1600-1750 AD 1750-1825 AD 1825-1900 AD 1900-2000 AD Time Periods & Dates

  3. Middle Ages • Life in the Middle Ages • Caste System of government (Nobles and Serfs) • Money centralized in either land owned by the nobles or in the church (Roman Catholic) • Only music education in the Church • First developments in multi-voiced music and secular written music.

  4. Monophony Polyphony Sacred Secular Plainchant Troubadours – single melody – two or more melodies at the same time – music for the church – music outside of the church – single melody sacred song – traveling secular musicians Vocabulary – Middle Ages

  5. Listening Examples • Kyrie – Anonymous (plainchant) • Ave Maria – Anonymous (plainchant) • Viderunt Omnes – Leonin (early polyphony) • A Chantar – Beatriz de Dia (secular song) • Doulz Viaire Gracius – Guillame de Machaut

  6. Renaissance • “Rebirth” of ancient Greek and Roman values and architecture. • A larger focus on humanistic point of view. • First glimpses of emerging middle class. • Protestant Reformation begun by Martin Luther, continued by John Calvin, Samuel Wesley and King Henry VIII. • Prominent figures: • Leonardo da Vinci • William Shakespeare • Martin Luther • Christopher Columbus

  7. Martin Luther

  8. Samuel Wesley

  9. John Calvin

  10. King Henry VIII

  11. Michelangelo

  12. Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel

  13. Points of Imitation Motet Madrigal Musical passages that copy previous material Primary sacred choral work Primary secular musical work Vocabulary - Renaissance

  14. Josquin des Pres Missa Pange Lingua Kyrie

  15. Gabrieli de la Palestrina Exultate Deo An example of Renaissance motet

  16. Thomas Morley – English Madrigals Sweet Nymph Come to Thy Lover Fire and Lightning

  17. Tomas de la Victoria Alma Redemptoris Mater Regina Caeli Laetare

  18. Giovanni Gabrieli Canzona Duodecimi Toni

  19. Baroque Era (1600-1750) • Steam Engine • Syringe • Microscope • Architecture • Art - Rembrandt

  20. Opera Oratorio Concerto Large scale musical work with orchestra, singing, acting, staging, scenery – always secular Large scale musical work with orchestra and singing only – usually sacred Large, purely instrumental form based on contrast between orchestra and soloist/small ensemble Vocabulary - Baroque

  21. Aria Recitative Song sung by a major character in an opera – usually long and demonstrating the range of the performer. Speech-like singing that serves as the dialogue in an opera Baroque Vocabulary

  22. Claudio Monteverdi – 1567-1643 • Creator of the opera and transitional composer from Renaissance to Baroque. • Stabat Virgo Maria • Excerpts from Orfeo

  23. Antonio Vivaldi – 1678-1741 • Known for his concertos and was ordained as a priest. • The Four Seasons • Spring • Summer • Autumn • Winter

  24. George Frederic Handel – 1685-1759 • Most traveled of Baroque composers. Famous for operas, oratorios, and concertos. • Excerpts from • Music for Royal Fireworks • Water Music • Messiah

  25. Johann Sebastian Bach – 1685-1750 • Known as the father of modern music theory. • Wrote in every style of Baroque music except opera. • Never traveled outside of Germany.

  26. Music of J. S. Bach • Kyrie from Mass in B minor • Toccata and Fugue in D minor

  27. Classic Period 1750-1825 People's view of the nature of this world, and of their relationship to it, was undergoing fundamental change. Political theories saw people as free agents in the world, with a nature that, if not fundamentally good, was at least not fundamentally bad. The concept of "natural" became an important component in artistic thought.

  28. Improved economic conditions -- fostered by better production methods -- yielded more goods and greater wealth. "The pursuit of happiness" was available to a broader class of society. Music began to be seen as "an innocent luxury".

  29. Events of Classic Period 1760 - Industrial Revolution begins American Revolution (1775-1783) 1776 - American Declaration of independence 1787 - French Revolution 1789 - George Washington elected first President of the United States of America 1803 - Louisiana Purchase 1804 - Napoleon crowned Emperor War of 1812 1819 - first steamship crosses the Atlantic

  30. Inventions of Classic Period 1769 - Watt's steam engine patented 1771 - first edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica 1775 - electric battery invented by Volta 1788 - steamboat invented by John Fitch 1791 - American Bill of Rights 1796 - first vaccination 1821 - electric motor and generator invented by Faraday

  31. Classic Period Vocabulary • Opera Seria – term given to operas of a serious nature and theme. May have some comic points. • Opera Buffa – term given to operas of a comic nature. Usually filled with unrealistically humorous figures or fantasy beasts. • Symphony – A large, 4 movement work for orchestra that stems from the overture of an opera.

  32. Franz Josef Haydn – 1732-1809 Known as the father of the symphony (104). Also known for adding jokes into his music.

  33. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – 1756-1791 A child prodigy, he began writing music at the age of four. Wrote more than 600 works in his 35 year life.

  34. Form • Sonata Form: 1st mvt. Symphony No.40 - Mozart • Exposition • Development • Recapitulation • Theme & Variations: Six Easy Variations - Beethoven • Theme (melody) then several changes • Minuet & Trio: Symphony #45 Third mvt - Haydn • Minuet – AB • Trio – AB • Minuet - AB • Rondo: String Quartet No.2 Fourth mvt. - Haydn • A-A-B-A-B-A-C-A-B-A-D-A-coda-A(1)-A(2)-A(3)-A(4)…A1

  35. Ludwig van Beethoven – 1770-1827 Transitional composer from Classic to Romantic period. Composer that pushed the limits of musical composition more than anyone else in history. Wrote only 9 symphonies among his other works and went deaf in his mid-twenties.

  36. Romantic Vocabulary • Lieder – German word for song • Rubato – “robbed time” A term for continuously slowing down and speeding up while playing. Usually heard in solo music more than ensemble. • Program Music – music based upon another art form (poetry, painting, fairytale, etc…) • Idée fixe – French for fixed idea. This assigning a melody or theme to a certain character in an opera or program piece. • Leitmotiv – German term similar to fixed idea.

  37. Conservative Franz Schubert – (1797-1828) Robert Schumann – (1810-1856) Felix Mendelssohn – (1809-1847) Giusseppi Verdi – (1813-1901) Johannes Brahms – (1833-1897) Giacomo Puccini – (1858-1924) Progressive Frederic Chopin – (1810-1849) Franz Liszt – (1811-1886) Richard Wagner – (1813-1883) Hector Berlioz – (1802-1869) Camille Saint-Saëns – (1835-1921) Pyotr Tchaikovsky – (1840-1893) Gustav Mahler – (1860-1911) Romantic Era Composers

  38. Franz Schubert - Conservative1797-1838 • Known for writing chamber music • Wrote over 600 lied (songs) for voice and piano • Wrote 9 symphonies (#8 being unfinished) • Listening Examples: • Gretchen am Spinnrade • Erlkönig

  39. Meine Ruh' ist hin, Mein Herz ist schwer, Ich finde sie nimmer Und nimmermehr. Wo ich ihn nicht hab Ist mir das Grab, Die ganze Welt Ist mir vergällt. My peace is gone, My heart is heavy, I will find it never and never more. Where I do not have him, That is the grave, The whole world Is bitter to me. Gretchen am Spinnrade

  40. Mein armer Kopf Ist mir verrückt, Mein armer Sinn Ist mir zerstückt. Meine Ruh' ist hin, Mein Herz ist schwer, Ich finde sie nimmer Und nimmermehr. My poor head Is crazy to me, My poor mind Is torn apart. My peace is gone, My heart is heavy, I will find it never and never more. Gretchen am Spinnrade

  41. Nach ihm nur schau ich Zum Fenster hinaus, Nach ihm nur geh ich Aus dem Haus. Sein hoher Gang, Sein' edle Gestalt, Seine Mundes Lächeln, Seiner Augen Gewalt, For him only, I look Out the window Only for him do I go Out of the house. His tall walk, His noble figure, His mouth's smile, His eyes' power, Gretchen am Spinnrade

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