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Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease

Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease. Plaque formation leading to high blood pressure and heart attacks. TOTAL CHOLESTEROL. HDL. LDL ( if you are 20 years or older and have no heart disease ). Smoking. Increases blood clotting Increases vascular constriction

nathan-mcneil
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Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease

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  1. Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease

  2. Plaque formation leading to high blood pressure and heart attacks

  3. TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

  4. HDL

  5. LDL ( if you are 20 years or older and have no heart disease)

  6. Smoking • Increases blood clotting • Increases vascular constriction • Increases build up of plaque

  7. Obesity • Increased work for the heart • Blood must be pumped to adipose tissue • Increased resistance to blood flow

  8. Diabetes • Increase blood glucose • Increase rigid blood vessels • Decrease circulation to tissues

  9. How does blood from your extremities get back to heart?

  10. Varicose Vein Disorders Spider Veins Dr. Berman

  11. Warning Signs MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

  12. Pressure or pain in center of your chest • Persists several minutes • Pain spreading to your shoulder, neck or arms • Lightheadedness • Sweating • Nausea • Shortness of breath

  13. Stroke Ischemic Stroke Hemorrhagic Stroke

  14. Treatments for Cardiovascular Diseaserange from non-invasive to very invasive

  15. Treatment & detection of cardiac and cardiovascular problems may include: • By-Pass Surgery: http://www.heartpoint.com/bypass.html • Angioplasty (we’ll look at next slide) • pacemaker • Clot “dissolvers” • Echocardiograms • Measurement of blood pressure • Measurement of electrocardiogram To be discussed

  16. Coronary By-Pass Surgery

  17. Angioplasty

  18. Artifical Pacemaker Battery operated

  19. ECHOCARDIOGRAMSound imaging of the heart Tumor observed in left atrium

  20. Examples of Medications • Dissolving plaque: “clot busters” • Decrease blood pressure • Decrease cholesterol levels Tissue plasminogen activator

  21. Examples of mechanisms of decrease blood pressurehttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htm • Diuretics (e.g. Lasix; furosemide ) • Beta-blockers • Alpha-blockers • Calcium channel blockers • Enzyme blockers (will be mentioned with kidney discussion) • Exercise, weight loss and diet (may reduce or eliminate need for mediation!) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00027

  22. FYI: Links related to various medications, lifestyle choices and mechanisms of blood pressure control • http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=159 • http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/treat/bpd_type.htm • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00027

  23. Prevention • Increase Exercise • No Smoking • Low fat diets • Weight control • Regular check ups

  24. Onto electrocardiogram and blood pressure discussion and lab

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