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Soybeans: An Alternative Energy Source

Soybeans: An Alternative Energy Source. By Jared Smith and Sabra Warren. Overview. Purpose Soybean Usage Soybean Biofuel Information Growth Conditions Water Requirements Soil Conditions Potential New York State Soybean Growing Locations Potential Biofuel Production. Purpose.

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Soybeans: An Alternative Energy Source

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  1. Soybeans: An Alternative Energy Source By Jared Smith and Sabra Warren

  2. Overview • Purpose • Soybean Usage • Soybean Biofuel Information • Growth Conditions • Water Requirements • Soil Conditions • Potential New York State Soybean Growing Locations • Potential Biofuel Production

  3. Purpose • To determine suitable locations for growing soybeans in NY • Soybeans will be used for the production of biofuel • Used Arc Map for analysis of possible growing locations and potential yield

  4. Current Uses of Soybeans • World’s most widely used editable oil • According to USDA Economic Research Service, soybean oil represents 71.3% of U.S. fats and oils consumption Feed & Animal Food (77%) Salad / Cooling Oil (11%) Baking / Frying Fats (6%) Biodiesel (3%) Margarine (1%) Human Food Protein (1%) Other (1%) Source (5,4)

  5. Soy as Biodiesel • Biofuel - non-petroleum based alternative fuels • Plants: Corn, Soy, Hemp, Switch Grass • One bushel of soybeans produces about 1.5 gallons of biodiesel • Produced in simple refining process - trans esterification. • Mix methanol with sodium hydroxide into solution • Mixing solution with soybean oil • Final products: Methyl Esters (Biodiesel) and glycerin • Positive energy balance of 3:1 • Ester-based feedstock • Low-energy requirements of conversion process • Nitrogen-fixing characteristics of soybeans • Returns 93 percent more energy than is used to produce it • Corn grain ethanol provides only 25 percent more energy Source (2)

  6. Benefits of Soybeans as Biofuel • Soybean biodiesel uses only soybean oil • 80% of the plant remains for animal and human consumption • Only 3% of domestically consumed soybean crop needed for biofuel • Ethanol requires ~20%) • Eliminates emission of sulfur oxides and sulfates: components of acid rain • Reduces CO2 emissions by up to 78% • Biodiesel is biodegradable and nontoxic when used in its pure form (B100) http://www.our-energy.com/biofuels.html Source (3)

  7. Growing Requirements • Water: • Yields between 40 to 50 bushels/acre • Requires 20 to 25 inches of soil moisture (rainfall) • Produces approximately 2 bushels/acre for every inch of water used • Soil: • Fertile and well drained • pH of 6.5 or higher • No sand or gravel • Best results on: • sandy silt loams • silt loams • clay silt loams Source (1,6)

  8. Water requirements vary depending on development period • The length of the total growing period is 100 to 130 days or more http://www.fao.org/docrep/S2022E/s2022e02.htm Source (6)

  9. Select Locations • map

  10. Potential Biodiesel Output From Select Locations • 21,577,849 acres of suitable land • 766,376 acres of current soybean crops • Average rainfall: 34.8 inches • Potentially 69.6 bushels per acre yield • Yield dependent on other growing conditions, and amount of land planted • Potentially 1,448,478,521 bushels total yield • Would produce 2,172,717,781 gallons of biofuel per growing season

  11. Environmental Benefits • New York Oil Consumption: • 12.9 Trillion gallons per year • Soybeans provide 2.17 Trillion gallons per year • OR 16.8% of New York’s Annual Oil Consumption • Carbon Dioxide Reduction: • 12.9 Trillion gallons = 172 Quadrillion kg CO2 • 2.17 Trillion gallons = 28.9 Quadrillion kg CO2 less • OR 16.8% less CO2 • Global Warming Implications: • 172 Quadrillion kg CO2 = 0.005 °C • 28.9 Quadrillion kg CO2 less = 0.0009 °C less • OR 16.8% less temperature increase

  12. Conclusion • Soybean production to biofuels is a profitable resource with environmentally friendly benefits • NY State has the potential to grow and produce soybean biofuel to significantly offset fossil fuel demand • The use of Arc Map enhances the ability for such analysis to be done

  13. Thank You! Questions?

  14. Bibliography • Source (1) Cox, William J.. “Fact Sheet #1 in a Series on Soybeans.” Northern New York Agricultural Development Program. April 2004. 17 April 2011. <http://www.nnyagdev.org/PDF/NNYSoybeansFS.pdf>. • Source (2) Inside Indiana Business. “Soybean Processing, Biofuels Plant Opens in Northern Indiana.” Claypool. 2007. 17 April 2011. < http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/newsitem.asp?id=25053>. • Source (3) Iowa State University. “Soybean Uses.” Soybean Extension of Research Program. 2011. 17 April 2011. < http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/soybean/uses_biodiesel.html>. • Source (4) Soy Connection. “Soybean Oil Overview.” Soybean Oil. 2011. 17 April, 2011. <http://www.soyconnection.com/soybean_oil/soybean_oil_overview.php>. • Source (5) United Soybean Board. “Food and Fuel: Meeting the Challenges of Feeding the World and Creating Renewable Fuels.” Food Versus Fuel: The Debate. 2009. 17 April, 2011. <http://www.soyconnection.com/soybean_oil/pdf/foodvsfuel_soy_biofuels.pdf>. • Source (6) University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. “Soil and Water Management Soybeans – Crop Irrigation.” Cooperative Extension Service. 2006. 17 April 2011. <http://www.aragriculture.org/soil_water/irrigation/crop/soybeans.htm>. • Source (7) University of Minnesota. “Soybean biodiesel has higher net energy benefit than corn ethanol.” Mongabay. July 11, 2006. 17 April 2011. <http://news.mongabay.com/2006/0711-umn.html>.

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