Endometriosis

1. Endometriosis

2. What is Endometriosis? The development of a lesion of uterine lining tissue outside the uterus. • This tissue can be found on the outside of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, the bowels or any other abdominal organ but rarely spread to other parts of the body. • Endometriosis is not always dangerous.

4. Causes The Ovaries produce a stimulating hormone that aids in the growth of the uterine lining. This hormone migrates out of the uterus. It does not shed like the lining of the uterus. As a result the hormone grows and can lead to endometriosis.

5. Signs and Symptoms • Abnormal Bleeding • After Sex • In between periods • Blood in urine or stool • Pain • Lower back • Lower Abdomen • Vagina • Anus • Trouble getting pregnant

6. How is it Diagnosed? Tests • Ultrasound • CT Scan • MRI

7. Treatment Treatment of Endometriosis often depends on the severity of that individuals case and if the plan on becoming pregnant. Many are prescribed hormone therapy to lower the body’s amount of estrogen which will help shrink the growths caused by endometriosis. If the patient wishes to become pregnant, surgery, hormone therapy and infertility treatment may be necessary.

8. Fertility Endometriosis does not always cause fertility but it decreases your chances of becoming pregnant. • 40% of women with endometriosis are effected by infertility. • Infertility in women with endometriosis is not caused by the disease itself but by other complications from the disease.

9. Who is at risk? • Anyone who has a history of endometriosis in their family. • Women between puberty and menopause • Women with very high levels of Estrogen. • Women with abnormal menstruation cycles.

10. Retroversion of the Uterus

11. What is Retroversion of the Uterus? • Often called “Tipped Uterus” • When the top of the uterus tips backwards toward the spine or instead of forwards toward the bladder.

13. Causes Is usually genetic and normal. Can be caused by: • Endometriosis • Pelvic Surgery • Pelvic Adhesions • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Labor of Childbirth • Scar Tissue

14. Signs and Symptoms There are not usually symptoms from a retroverted uterus. Rarely it can cause a mild discomfort or lower back pain.

15. How is it Diagnosed • During a Pelvic Exam • Ultrasound

16. Treatment • A Retroverted Uterus does not usually need treatment. • Treatment may be needed for underlying problems causing a retroverted uterus or problems caused by a retroverted uterus.

17. Fertility • A Tipped Uterus does not affect fertility. • It usually corrects itself during the 10th or 12th week of pregnancy.

18. Who is at risk? • Occurs in 20% of all women. • It is more likely to occur in women who have also had • Endometriosis • Children • Pelvic Adhesions • Surgery • Scar Tissue

19. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

20. What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? • A hormonal disease characterized by enlarged ovaries covered in small cysts. • Caused by unbalanced hormones

22. Causes • Genetics may play a factor • Hormone Changes • High Androgen Levels • High Insulin • High Blood Sugar

23. Signs and Symptoms Symptoms appear gradually and can include: • Acne • Depression • Heavy vaginal bleeding • Mood Swings • Few or no menstrual periods • Weight gain • Hair loss • Lower back pain • Breathing problems while sleeping

24. How is it Diagnosed? • There are no specific tests for polycystic ovarian syndrome. The doctor will evaluate signs and symptoms and rule out other disorders to be able to diagnose it. Tests the doctor will do may include: • Blood tests - to measure hormone levels • Pelvic Ultrasound • Physical Exam • Medical History Review

25. Treatment • Regular Exercise • Eat a healthy diet • Medications to regulate hormones

26. Fertility • Polycystic Ovarian syndrome causes the ovaries to stop releasing eggs which will cause infertility. PCOS can cause: • Repeat Miscarriages • Gestational Diabetes • Uterine Cancer

27. Who is at risk? • Women with a family history of polycystic ovarian syndrome. • Women who use the seizure medicine valporate • People with a family history of diabetes.

28. Cervical Erosion

29. What is Cervical Erosion? • Also known as Cervical ectropion • Partial or complete absence of the surface of the cervix. • The normal surface of the cervix is replaced by inflamed tissue from inside the cervical canal.

31. Causes • Trauma • Sexual intercourse, foreign objects inserted into the vagina, tampon insertion. • Infection • Herpes (STD), Syphilis (STD), tampons left in to long, severe vaginal infections. • Chemicals • Spermicides (form of birth control), douches (used to clean the vagina)

32. Signs and Symptoms • Typically no symptoms • Abnormal vaginal bleeding • After sex • In between periods • Discharge associated with an infection, may have a strange odor.

33. Pelvic Examination Pap Smear Cervical Biopsy Cloroscopic Examination How is it Diagnosed?

34. Treatment • Treatment depends on the cause • If caused by trauma or chemicals, Avoiding the cause will usually allow it to heal on its own. • Medications are used to treat infections. • Vaginal Estrogen cream may help to thicken and heal the surface of the cervix

35. Fertility • Cervical Erosion typically heals on its own. • If treatment is necessary it is very successful and fertility is not affected.

36. Who is at risk? • Those who have unprotected sex • Those who use chemical agents in the vagina

37. Endometrial Polyps

38. What are Endometrial Polyps? • Also known as Uterine Polyps • Growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus. Can range from the size of a sesame seed to the size of a golf ball.

40. Causes • Cause is unknown • Estrogen has been found to stimulate the growth of Endometrial Polyps.

41. Signs and Symptoms • Irregular Bleeding • Heavy Periods • Vaginal bleeding after menopause • It is possible to have Endometrial Polyps without signs or symptoms.

42. How is it Diagnosed? • Transvaginal Ultrasound • Hysteroscopy

43. Treatment • Some small polyps may disappear on their own. • Medication • Curettage- scraping the walls of the uterus with a small tool inserted through the vagina and cervix • Surgical Removal

44. Fertility • Endometrial polyps can sometimes but not always cause infertility • Endometrial polyps affect the walls of the uterus and can make it hard for implantation • They can also increase the risk of a miscarriage.

45. Who is at risk? • Obese People • People with high blood pressure • Those who take tamoxifen, a drug used to treat breast cancer

46. Works Cited • https://health.google.com/health/ref/Endometriosis • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/endometriosis/DS00289 • http://women.webmd.com/endometriosis/endometriosis-topic-overview • http://saludchicago.com/saludchicago_english/retroverted_uterus.htm • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001506.htm • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/DS00423 • http://women.webmd.com/tc/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos-topic-overview • http://www.drugs.com/enc/image_pages/17035.html • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/uterine-polyps/DS00699/DSECTION=risk%2Dfactors