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局部解剖学 Regional Anatomy

局部解剖学 Regional Anatomy. 《 局部解剖学 》 人卫版 ,《 Regional Anatomy》JILIN —— 七年制基础医学专业用. 哈尔滨医科大学解剖学教研室 2005 年 6 月. Chapert 6 Vertebral region. Section 1 Introduction. 1. Boundaries 上 界:枕外隆凸、上项线。 下 界:尾骨尖。 两侧界:斜方肌前缘、三角肌后缘上份、腋后襞与胸壁交界处、腋后线、髂嵴后份、髂后上棘与尾骨尖的连线。 2. Division 分为项区、胸背区、腰区和骶尾区.

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局部解剖学 Regional Anatomy

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  1. 局部解剖学 Regional Anatomy 《局部解剖学》人卫版,《 Regional Anatomy》JILIN ——七年制基础医学专业用 哈尔滨医科大学解剖学教研室 2005年6月

  2. Chapert 6 Vertebral region Section 1 Introduction 1. Boundaries 上 界:枕外隆凸、上项线。 下 界:尾骨尖。 两侧界:斜方肌前缘、三角肌后缘上份、腋后襞与胸壁交界处、腋后线、髂嵴后份、髂后上棘与尾骨尖的连线。 2. Division 分为项区、胸背区、腰区和骶尾区

  3. Section 2 Structure 1. Superficial structures (1)Cutaneous n greater occipital n 3th occipital n posterior branches of each thoracic and lumbar n posterior branches of each sacral and coccy n

  4. (2) Superficial vessels arteries: 项区的浅动脉来自枕动脉、颞浅动脉、肩胛背动脉。 胸背区的浅动脉来自肋间后动脉、胸背动脉、肩胛背动脉。 腰区的浅动脉来自腰动脉。 骶尾区的浅动脉来自臀上、下动脉。

  5. 2. Deep fascia (1)nuchal fascia:位于斜方肌深面,向上附着于上项线,向下 移行为胸腰筋膜。 (2)thoracolumbar fascia lumbocostal ligament:胸腰筋膜的中层紧张于第12肋与第1腰 椎横突之间的部分增厚。

  6. 3. Muscles (1)latissimus dorsi m (2)trapezius m (3)suboccipital triangle (4)erector spinae (5)superior lumbar triangle (6)inferior lumbar triangle

  7. 4. Deep vessels and nerves (1)arteries 1)occipital a:起自颈外动脉,分布于枕部、项区诸肌。 2)dorsal scapular a:起自锁骨下动脉,分布于背肌和肩带肌。 3)vertebral a:起自锁骨下动脉,穿经6个颈椎横突孔,经枕 下三角入颅。 (2)veins 项区的静脉汇入椎静脉、颈内静脉或锁骨下静脉; 胸背区的静脉汇入肋间后静脉、部分汇入锁骨下静脉或腋静脉; 腰区的静脉汇入下腔静脉; 骶尾区的静脉汇入髂内静脉。 脊柱区深静脉通过椎静脉丛与椎管内外、颅内及盆部静脉交通。

  8. (3)nerves 1)Posterior rami:有明显地节段性分布。 Osseofibrous foramen Osseofibrous canal

  9. 5. Vertebral canal and contents (1)vertebral canal (2)covering of spinal cord spinal dura mater spinal arachnoid mater spinal pia mater. denticulate lig

  10. (3)spaces Epidural space Subarachnoid space Vertebral venous plexus

  11. (4)Roots of spinal n. 1)行程与分段:横行或斜行于蛛网膜下隙的部分为蛛网膜下隙 段,穿出硬脊膜囊的一段为硬膜外段。 2)与脊髓被膜的关系 3)与椎间孔和椎间盘的关系: 脊神经的硬膜外段较短,借硬脊膜鞘紧密连于椎间孔周围。 椎间孔的上、下壁为椎弓根上、下切迹; 前壁为椎间盘和椎体; 后壁为关节突关节。

  12. (5)vessels of spinal cord anterior spinal a posteriorspinal a radicular a:起自椎动脉、颈升动脉、肋间后动脉、肋下动脉、腰动脉和骶外侧动脉等,伴脊神经穿椎间孔入椎管,分为前、后根动脉和脊膜支。 Veins:有6条,注入椎内静脉丛。

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