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Completing & Producing A Well

Completing & Producing A Well. The Well is Drilled - Now What?. Logs A systematic recording of data Driller’s log, mud log, electrical log, radioactivity log Cased hole vs open hole Exact zone depths are determined using logs Wellhead Installation and Integrity Testing

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Completing & Producing A Well

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  1. Completing & Producing A Well

  2. The Well is Drilled - Now What? Logs • A systematic recording of data • Driller’s log, mud log, electrical log, radioactivity log • Cased hole vs open hole • Exact zone depths are determined using logs Wellhead Installation and Integrity Testing Completion Design and Scheduling Why Complete a Well? • Tight reservoir rock with low permeability must be stimulated to provide economic recovery

  3. Completion Techniques Perforating (Perfs) • A perforating gun fires shaped charges through the casing and cement into the formation allowing fluids to be pumped into/out of the reservoir Hydraulic Fracturing (Frac Job) • Water, polymers, and “proppants” are mixed to make frac gel • The gel is then pumped into the formation under high enough pressure to break or fracture the rock Acidizing (Acid Job) • Acid is pumped into the formation and chemically reacts to dissolve the rock • The dissolved rock and “spent acid” are washed back to surface

  4. Artificial Lift Natural Flow vs Artificial Lift • Reservoir pressure is key to determining how a well will flow • In cases where wells cannot flow naturally, artificial lift may be used Pumping Units (West Texas!) • Rods are run the length of the tubing with a pump on the end • As the surface unit moves up and down, valves down hole open and close providing a lift mechanism for the formation fluid Others • Electronic Submersible Pumps (ESPs), Plunger Lift, Gas Lift Enhanced Recovery (common in Permian Basin but not Concho) • CO2 Flood • Waterflood

  5. Artificial Lift

  6. Artificial Lift

  7. Workovers Common Well Problems • Holes in tubing/casing • Rod parts • Worn pumps • Paraffin • Weather Abandonment (PA’d / TA’d)

  8. From the Wellhead Wellhead Separating Systems Oil Water Gas Tank Battery Tank Battery Meter Truck/Pipeline Pipeline Refinery Disposal Station Gas Plant

  9. Role of Field Personnel Lease Operators (Pumpers) • Handle daily field maintenance and ensure wells are producing • Manually record production (used in regulatory and revenue) Artificial Lift Techs • Optimize pumping unit performance/shoot down hole fluid levels Foremen • Serve as field managers and as a liaison with office personnel Field Engineers • Design and implement technical procedures/equipment • Monitor field performance and minimize costs Consultants • Supervise work crews and provide experience driven expertise

  10. Questions??

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