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Sound and Light

Sound and Light. Chapters 13 & 14 (Regular Physics) Chapters 26, 27, 28 and 29 (Conceptual Physics). Sound. All Sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects Sounds waves are longitudinal; the medium goes through compressions and rarefaction. Characteristics of Sound Waves.

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Sound and Light

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  1. Sound and Light Chapters 13 & 14 (Regular Physics) Chapters 26, 27, 28 and 29 (Conceptual Physics)

  2. Sound • All Sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects • Sounds waves are longitudinal; the medium goes through compressions and rarefaction

  3. Characteristics of Sound Waves • Audible sound waves range from 20Hz to 20,000 Hz • Less than 20Hz is Infrasonic • More than 20,000Hz is Ultrasonic

  4. Characteristics of Sound Waves • Frequency determines pitch • High frequency = High pitch (Fast moving, SHORT waves) • Low frequency = Low pitch (Slow moving, LONG waves) • Speed of sound depends on the medium and temperature of the medium • Sound travels faster in solids and liquids and the slowest in gases

  5. Speed of Sound • Speed of sound in air at 25 degrees C is 346m/s • Speed of sound in air at 0 degrees C is 331m/s • Sonic boom: Breaking the sound barrier

  6. Characteristics of Sound • Sound travels in ALLdirections, in 3D

  7. The Doppler Effect • The Doppler Effect: a shift in frequency that results from the motion of the source of sound

  8. SONAR and Echolocation • SONAR: SOund Navigation And Ranging • Echolocation or biosonar: When animals emits pulses of sound and listen to echoes for location or for food. Bats and Dolphins are common examples

  9. Sound Intensity • Sound Intensity or Loudness is measured in Decibles, dB (deci-Bel) • Sound doubles every 10 dB

  10. Resonance • Resonance: a vibration at the natural frequency

  11. Characteristics of Light • Light is an electromagnetic wave • Electromagnetic wave: transverse wave made of electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other.

  12. Characteristics of Light • All electromagnetic waves vary depending on frequency and wavelength. • Electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all electromagnetic fields

  13. ROYGBIV

  14. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Table 14-1 • Visible light includes all colors of the rainbow • The violet end has short wavelengths and high frequency (high energy) • The red end has long wavelengths and low frequency (low energy)

  15. Electromagnetic Spectrum • Radio Waves (longest wavelengths) • Microwaves • IR (infrared) waves • Visible light • Ultraviolet (UV)light • X Rays • Gamma Rays (shortest wavelengths)

  16. Characteristics of Light • All electromagnetic waves move at the speed of light • Speed of light is approx 3.0x10^8 m/s • Equation is c=fλ • Notice the similarity to v=fλ

  17. Reflection of Light • Texture of a surface affects the reflection • Diffuse reflection is when light hits a rough surface and light scatters in all directions • Specular reflection when light hits a smooth surface and is reflected evenly

  18. Reflection of Light • Incoming and reflected angles are equal

  19. Characteristics of Color • Additive Primary – red green blue • Subtractive Primary – Cyan magenta yellow

  20. Colors in Art • Black is a color • White is a color • These two are opposites

  21. Colors in Science • White is light (all colors combined) • Black is the absence of light (darkness)

  22. Polarization of Light • Light scatters in all (360°) directions • It can be polarized • Polarization is the alignment of electromagnetic waves to be parallel to each other

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