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The Nucleus

The Nucleus. Chapter 14 Section 2. What is an Atom?. Most basic units of matter Everything in world made up of atoms Air you breathe Desk you are sitting in Your body

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The Nucleus

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  1. The Nucleus Chapter 14 Section 2

  2. What is an Atom? • Most basic units of matter • Everything in world made up of atoms • Air you breathe • Desk you are sitting in • Your body • Smallest particle of an element with all the properties of the element that can combine with other atoms to form a molecule

  3. How many different types of Atoms are there? • 92 naturally occurring atoms • 25 synthetic atoms (made by scientists in laboratory)

  4. What is an Element? • Matter made of atoms of only one kind • Example: piece of aluminum foil • Element Aluminum—many of same kind of atom • Each atom has same properties: shiny, metal, flexible

  5. Parts of the Atom amu = atomic mass unit

  6. Two-Dimension Model • Protons & neutrons placed together in center—nucleus • Electrons orbit nucleus in space called electron cloud • Electron cloud organized into energy levels • 1st level—can hold 2 e- • 2nd level—can hold 8 e- • 3rd level—can hold 18 e-

  7. Identifying Numbers • How does the nucleus in an atom of one element differ from the nucleus of an atom of another element? • Atoms of different elements contain different numbers of protons

  8. Identifying Numbers • Atomic Number—number of protons in the nucleus of an atom • Hydrogen, smallest atom, has 1 proton • Uranium, heaviest natural atom, has 92 protons • atoms are identified by the number of protons • The number never changes without changing identity of element

  9. Identifying Numbers • Isotopes –atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons • element carbon has 6 protons (atomic number) • Isotopes of carbon can have 6, 7, or 8 neutrons • Mass number—number of neutrons plus the number of protons

  10. Isotopes of Carbon Average atomic mass—average mass of the mixture of an element’s isotopes

  11. Synthetic Elements • Elements that are made in labs by smashing atomic particles into a target element • Elements with atomic numbers 93 to 112, and 114 are synthetic elements

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