1 / 37

Energy Saving: The UK Perspective

Energy Saving: The UK Perspective. Keith Tovey Energy Science Director C Red Project. Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р технических наук Факультет экологических исследований Университета Восточной Англии. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective. The Background to Energy Conservation Why is it important?

nara
Download Presentation

Energy Saving: The UK Perspective

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective Keith Tovey Energy Science Director CRedProject Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р технических наук Факультет экологических исследований Университета Восточной Англии

  2. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective • The Background to Energy Conservation • Why is it important? • Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? • How is Energy Conservation promoted in the UK? • Conclusions • The Background to Energy Conservation

  3. Energy Saving: Why is it important? • The UK has been self sufficient in energy • Under present trends the UK will be a substantive importer of natural gas and oil by 2020 • It makes sense to reduce energy demand and still remain competitive economically. • Reducing energy demand will also see a reduction in carbon dioxide - the main contributor to Global Warming • The Government has set targets and provided mechanisms to provide grants for individuals and industry. • However, more could be done.

  4. The Background to Energy Conservation • In UK each person is consuming energy at a rate of • 5.1 kW • In USA it is 10.6 kW • 1/20th or World’s Population consumes 25% of all energy • In Europe it is 5.7 kW • In Russia it is also 5.7 kW • Globally it is around 2 kW • ENERGY Consumption > Carbon Dioxide > Global Warming

  5. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective GDP changes in UK Total Energy Demand in UK

  6. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective Wealth of UK increased uniformly with energy in 1950s and 1960s Major infra-structure projects in late 1960s - early 1970s 1979 - 1992 restructuring followed by increase efficiency 1992 - increased conservation

  7. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective UK has become more efficient in using energy to generate wealth over past 50 years. Generate the same wealth with 45% of energy as in 1950. Improvement ~ 1.45% per annum

  8. The Background to Energy Conservation 40000 USA 35000 Qatar Japan 30000 Canada UK 25000 France Other EU Countries GDP per head (US$ (95) 20000 Germany Mediterranean EU Poland Nordic EU 15000 New EU Russia 10000 China 5000 India 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 kW per Head Energy - GDP Relationships

  9. Qatar Developing Countries USA Australia Russia Germany Canada UK Japan France The Background to Energy Conservation Carbon Dioxide Emissions per unit of Energy

  10. Future Global Warming Rates

  11. The Background to Energy Conservation How much Carbon Dioxide is each person emitting as a result of the energy they use? In UK 9 tonnes per annum. What does 9 tonnes look like? Equivalent of 5 Hot Air Balloons! To combat Global Warming we must reduce CO2 by 60% i.e. to 2 Hot Air Balloons How far does one have to drive to emit the same amount of CO2 as heating an old persons room for 1 hour? 3.2 km

  12. The Background to Energy Conservation ~ 5 kW per capita Consumption in Watts in UK • Transport Energy use has risen 10.5% in last decade • Domestic use has risen by over 10%

  13. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective • The Background to Energy Conservation • Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? • How is Energy Conservation promoted in the UK? • Conclusions • The Domestic Sector • Small Businesses • An example from a large business

  14. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? Domestic Consumers • some see Energy Conservation as a way to save money • less interested when they learn it may take many years to pay back • others see Energy Conservation as a moral and environmental issue and will strive to incorporate energy saving at an early stage • many over-estimate the size of their energy bills • several people see themselves as already being energy efficient. • PowerGen Energy Monitor (October 2004) • many are influenced by other factors • e.g. double glazing rather than cavity insulation! • Many are unaware of what grants are available

  15. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? • Small/Medium sized Businesses (SME’s) • number of employees < 250 • some see Energy Conservation as a way to save money • but say they have little time to undertake measures • many have little accurate knowledge of their energy bills or where they could save money and energy. • Some make decisions in which energy efficiency is an important factor. • Some see a commercial advantage in being able to demonstrate their environmental credentials. • several SME’s see themselves as already being energy efficient. • PowerGen Energy Monitor (October 2004) • Many are unaware of what grants are available

  16. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? Large Businesses: number of employees > 250 • Many Companies have an Energy Manager • some significant reductions in energy use, energy bills, and carbon dioxide reductions have been achieved: • e.g. combined heat and power An example University of East Anglia Unlike Russia, large CHP schemes are not common only one scheme > 500 MW most are schemes < 10 MW and over 50% 1 MW or less UEA has three 1 MW gas engines which provide 70 - 75% of electricity of peak electricity and supply 4.2 MW of heat

  17. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? University of East Anglia: CHP Scheme

  18. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? Before Installation: Energy and Carbon Dioxide After Installation: Saving in CO2: 4824 tonnes or 31.9%

  19. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? Before the scheme Energy Bill > £1 000 000 per annum After scheme Annual Saving initially around £ 400 000 per annum However, the introduction of the New Electricity Trading Arrangements have had an impact out of balance issues for suppliers to whom exports were sold Government targets were to achieve 10 000 MW by 2010 However, number of schemes have declined slightly, and target will not be reached may be difficult to achieve 7500 MW

  20. Energy Saving:Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? • In summer, UEA has little demand for heat • limits amount of electricity generated • > 1 MW cooling load provided by electric refrigeration • Absorption Chilling will be installed in early 2005. • Reduces electrical load and Increases electrical generation An absorption chiller uses waste heat to provide cooling

  21. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective • The Background to Energy Conservation • Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? • How is Energy Conservation promoted in the UK? • Conclusions • What grants are available • How is it financed?

  22. Energy Saving: How is it promoted in the UK? • By Government (and Local Government) via: • Legislation • e.g. Building Regulations - currently being revised • Energy Conservation Grants • e.g. home insulation, low energy light bulbs, etc. • Energy Labelling • Promotion of Renewable Energy Schemes • e.g. Wind, Solar, Biomass, Wave, Tidal • Climatic Change Levy on businesses(0.43p per kWh) • Participation in EU (Carbon) Emissions Trading Scheme • ~ 7 - 10 Euros per tonne • Awareness / Education / Advice • e.g.

  23. Energy Saving: Legislation: Building Regulations • Performance of dwellings over the years following Regulation changes. • Modern houses • use only 20% of energy • emit only 20% of CO2 • of pre-war houses • Standards to improve further in future

  24. Energy Saving: Energy Conservation Grants Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 - HECA www.heca.co.uk Energy Saving Trust: Grants for Domestic Properties - also Transport www.est.org.uk Carbon Trust: Grants for Businesses www.thecarbontrust.co.uk

  25. Energy Saving: HECA www.heca.co.uk

  26. Energy Saving: Energy Saving Trust: www.est.org.uk

  27. Energy Saving: Energy Saving Trust www.est.org.uk

  28. Energy Saving: The Carbon Trust www.thecarbontrust.co.uk

  29. Energy Saving: Energy Labelling

  30. 60 MW offshore Wind Farm at Yarmouth - to be commissioned by end of October 2004. New Wave Powered device - launched 6th August 2004 Onshore 1.5 MW turbine Energy Saving: Renewable Energy • Government Targets • 10.4% of total electricity by 2010 • unlikely to be met - at best 6 - 7% • 20% by 2020

  31. Energy Saving: Climatic Change Levy • Climatic Change Levy on businesses • Encourages Businesses to reduce energy • 0.43p per kWh (electricity) or £4.3 per tonne of carbon dioxide • scheme is financially neutral over all businesses • income finances a reduction in National Insurance Contributions paid by all employers for every employee. • Energy Efficient premises with large numbers of employees benefit. • Heavy energy users with few employees loose out. • Certain key industries e.g. Electricity Generation etc are exempt.

  32. Energy Saving: European Trading Scheme • Comes into force 1st January 2005 • All businesses with a thermal output > 20 MW must participate • All EU countries have had to set a National Plan consistent with Kyoto Objectives. • All EU countries have to allocate each plant (> 20 MW) a number of free credits for the years 2005 - 2007. • There is an overall reduction in emissions • e.g. electricity sector to reduce by ~ 15% over period • Steps must be taken to conserve energy, buy credits on the open market or pay the ultimate price of 40 Euros a tonne. • Current trading price ~ 7 - 10 Euros per tonne • will cause price of electricity to consumers to rise.

  33. Energy Saving: Awareness / Education / Advice A mobile phone charger left on ------ up to 25 kg CO2 a year Standby on television > 60 kg per year Filling up with petrol (~£30 for a full tank) --------- 90 kg of CO2 (5% of a balloon) A tumble dryer uses four times as much energy as the equivalent washing machine - use the dryer sparingly Boiling an extra cup full of water causes the emission of 25 cupfuls of carbon dioxide. • Understandable Language

  34. Energy Saving: The UK Perspective • The Background to Energy Conservation • Perception of Energy Conservation in the UK? • How is Energy Conservation promoted in the UK? • Conclusions

  35. Energy Saving: Conclusions • UK has made some steps to reduce primary energy • More could be done • Achieved as a combinations of • Legislation • Energy Conservation GrantsEnergy Labelling • Promotion of Renewable Energy Schemes • Climatic Change Levy • Participation in EU (Carbon) Emissions Trading Scheme • Awareness / Education / Advice

  36. Key Web Sites: Home Energy Conservation Act www.heca.co.uk Energy Saving Trust www.est.org.uk Carbon Trust www.thecarbontrust.co.uk National Energy Foundation www.natenergy.org.uk k.tovey@uea.ac.uk Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р технических наук Факультет экологических исследований Университета Восточной Англии Energy Science Director, Low Carbon Innovation Centre

More Related