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The Meeting of Cultures

The Meeting of Cultures. Chapter 1. Intro. Bering Straight By 15 th century, estimated 50-75 million people. Civilizations of the South Incas Powerful empire. America before Columbus. Mayans Sophisticated culture with written language . Aztecs Nomadic warrior tribe

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The Meeting of Cultures

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  1. The Meeting of Cultures Chapter 1

  2. Intro • Bering Straight • By 15th century, estimated 50-75 million people

  3. Civilizations of the South Incas Powerful empire America before Columbus

  4. Mayans • Sophisticated culture with written language

  5. Aztecs • Nomadic warrior tribe • Ruled over much of central and southern Mexico Tenochtitlan

  6. Setbacks • Incas had no written language

  7. Civilizations of the North Tribes north of Mexico did not develop as large or political systems as elaborate as the Incas, Mayas and Aztecs

  8. Great Plains Region • farming • Eastern • Algonquin tribes

  9. Iroquois Confederation • Centered in upstate New York • Tribes: • Seneca

  10. Muskogean • Southernmost region of the Eastern seaboard • Tribes • Chichasaws • fragile alliances

  11. Fake Smile Tribal Cultures • Agriculture • i. maize • Astronomy • Mayan concept of “zero’

  12. Tribal Cultures • Religion • closely bound to the natural world • Difference in Mentality and Social Roles

  13. Europe Looks Westward • 16th Century Europe • Bubonic Plague • The Beginning of Capitalism • New Governments

  14. First Wave: The Explorers • Early Individuals • Purpose/Incentive

  15. First Wave: The Explorers Cont’d • Christopher Columbus (1492, 1493, 1498, 1502)

  16. First Wave: The Explorers Cont’d • Christopher Columbus (1492, 1493, 1498, 1502) • Believed world was smaller (than it is!) • In response to Columbus’s success, Spain

  17. Second Wave: Conquistadors • Individuals and conquests • Cortez = Aztecs

  18. Second Wave: Conquistadors Cont’d • Purpose/Incentives

  19. “The Sword and The Cross” AKA weapons • 3 G’s= God, Glory, and Gold • Superior weaponry • Religion

  20. “The Sword and The Cross” AKA weapons Cont’d • Disease • Natives did not have immunity to these diseases • Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond

  21. Third Wave: Officials and Missionaries • Officials • crops • livestock • Missionaries

  22. Colonization to Reconstruction: Early U.S. History Review

  23. The Beginning of African Slavery in the New World • Southern Sahara/Guinea history

  24. The Beginning of African Slavery in the New World Cont’d • Slavery as custom in Africa • Demand for Slavery in Americas

  25. English Incentives for Colonization • Commercial • rise of the merchant class • Mercantilism • Religious • Martin Luther

  26. English Incentives for Colonization Cont’d • John Calvin

  27. English Incentives for Colonization Cont’d • English Reformation

  28. English Incentives for Colonization Cont’d • English Defeats Spanish Armada • Elizabeth dies/ James I takes over

  29. Different Strategies, Different Places, Different Countries • English in Ireland • French Strategy

  30. Different Strategies, Different Places, Different Countries Cont’d • Dutch Strategy (aka Netherlands/Holland) • Independence from Spain/Holy Roman Empire in 1600s

  31. Different Strategies, Different Places, Different Countries Cont’d • First English Efforts • Raleigh and Gilbert • Roanoke 1585 • located off the coast of North Carolina

  32. Different Strategies, Different Places, Different Countries Cont’d • Roanoke 1587 • Desire to colonize remained alive

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