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[ Module 1] Orientation on MSWM – key issues and key challenges

[ Module 1] Orientation on MSWM – key issues and key challenges. Orientation on MSWM – key issues and key challenges. Hidden values of waste – a touching video. Principles of sustainable and integrated MSWM. Categorization of waste. The 3R a pproach. Rating of MSWM in your city.

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[ Module 1] Orientation on MSWM – key issues and key challenges

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  1. [Module 1] Orientation on MSWM –keyissuesandkeychallenges

  2. Orientation on MSWM –keyissuesandkeychallenges Hiddenvaluesofwaste – a touchingvideo Principlesofsustainableandintegrated MSWM Categorizationofwaste The 3R approach Rating of MSWM in yourcity

  3. Hidden values of waste the Recycled Orchestra from Paraguay

  4. Why is Solid Waste Management a challenge?

  5. Because waste is a healthhazardforhumans is a hazardforanimals isoften not degradable pollutesairandemitsGreenhouse Gases Waste.. pollutes / contaminateswater .. generation is increasing through economic development, urbanization and population growth isbreedergroundforvectors chokescitydrains

  6. Because waste is a healthhazardforhumans is a hazardforanimals isoften not degradable pollutesairandemitsGreenhouse Gases Waste.. pollutes / contaminateswater .. generation is increasing through economic development, urbanization and population growth isbreedergroundforvectors chokescitydrains

  7. Integrated sustainable solid waste management e.g. Residents Source: UNHABITAT (2010) Solid Waste Management in theWorld’s Cities (http://www.waste.nl/sites/waste.nl/files/product/files/swm_in_world_cities_2010.pdf)

  8. The functional elements of MSWM – the Waste Management Chain Integrated MSWM conventional MSWM 1 2 3 4 5 SecondaryCollection& Transportation Disposal Generation Treatment Primary collection Sortingofmixedwaste Door-to-doorcollection Households Sorting Landfill Transfer totruck SMEs Recoveryofsortedmaterials Business andadministration HH-level processing Gatheringatcollectionpoint Residential areas Transport totreatmenmt & disposalsite Processing Hotels andrestaurants On-site storage Transport tosecondarystorage Amusementparks Transformation Streetsand open spaces Carryingtocollectionpoint

  9. Activity: The functional elements of MSWM – the Waste Management Chain Sorting Carryingtocollectionpoint Transformation Landfill Sortingofmixedwaste Recoveryofsortedmaterials Transfer totruck Integrated MSWM On-site storage Door-to-doorcollection Gatheringatcollectionpoint conventional MSWM 1 2 3 4 5 SecondaryCollection& Transportation SecondaryCollection& Transportation Disposal Disposal Generation Generation Treatment Treatment Primary collection Primary collection Sortingofmixedwaste Door-to-doorcollection Households Sorting Landfill Transfer totruck SMEs Recoveryofsortedmaterials Business andadministration HH-level processing Gatheringatcollectionpoint Residential areas Transport totreatmenmt & disposalsite Processing Hotels andrestaurants On-site storage Transport tosecondarystorage Amusementparks Transformation Streetsand open spaces Carryingtocollectionpoint

  10. Definition of waste as per MSW Rules 2000 "municipal solid waste" includes commercial and residential wastes generated in municipal or notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated bio-medical wastes

  11. Categorizationofwaste • high organic fraction • paper, glass, metals, plastic • rags • inert andothermaterials • Can be: • infectious, • hazardous 6. Bio-medicalwaste 1. Householdwaste(incl. offices, restaurants, hotels, SMEs, etc.) • multi material mix • valuable secondary resources, recycling options • extremely heavy and voluminous • possibly hazardous fraction • Can be: • toxic, • inflamable, • explosive, • corrosive, • reactive Categoriesofwaste 5. Hazardouswaste 2. Constructionanddemolitionwaste 4. E-waste 3. Plasticwaste • fast growing fraction of waste • requires appropriate processing • potentially harmful for workers and the environment • resource recovery • fast growing fraction of waste • high durability (centuries to thousands of years) • littering and choking of drainages and sewage systems • significant pollution of landscape, coasts and oceans • high recovery value, recycling options

  12. Physical composition of MSW in India Source: 1996: NEERI, 2005: CPCB; takenfrom WBI Development Studies: Improving MSWM in India (2008)

  13. Amount of urban waste in Maharashtra (2011) • MSW generation in India : • year 2000: 34 million tons (100%) • 2015: 83.8 million tons (x 2.5) • 2030: 221 million tons (x 2.6) • Per capita waste generation in cities: • 2010: 0.17 – 0.62 kg / day • projection 2030: 1.032 kg /day Source table: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in India; R.K. Annepu, Earth Engineering Center Columbia University (2012), page 129 Source figures: R.K. Kaushal et. al.: Municipal Solid Waste Management in India – Current State and Future Challenges: A Review; International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 4 No. 04, April 2012

  14. Household waste • High organic fraction • Plastic (foils, cups, plates, bags,…) • Inert andothermaterials • Rags • Paper, glas, metals

  15. Construction and demolition waste in India Itisestimatedthat C&DW accountstoapprox. 25% of solid wastegenerated in India • nearly 50% of C&DW are reused or recycled; • remainder is mostly landfilled; • common practice to pile waste form large construction or demolition projects in the roads causing traffic congestions; • C&DW from households normally goes to MSW making it heavy and degrading quality for further treatment Amountof C&DW generated • 40-60kg/m² during construction; • 40-50kg/m² during renovation and repair; • 300-500kg/m² during demolition; Source: http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/print/volume-12/issue-5/features/rebuilding-c-d-waste-recycling-efforts-in-india.html Author: SadhanGhosh, President of the International Society of Waste Management, Air and Water (ISWMAW), India; and professor of Mechanical Engineering at Jadavpur University, Kolkata

  16. Plastic Waste Increasefrom 7.5 milliontons in 2011upto 15 milliontons in 2015 (in India) • Waste plastics • •are causing littering and choking of sewerage systems; • • are often the most visible component in waste dumps and open landfills; • • are meanwhile significantly polluting the oceans; • in the oceans constitute a high risk for various groups of marine animals; • remain in the environment for decades to centuries *Source: Plastindia Foundation (2012)

  17. Composition of e-waste in India upto 8,00,000 tons in 2012 Source: http://politicadechatarra.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/basuraelectr25c325b3nica9.jpg Potential environmental hazardsof e-waste • lead, barium, tin, cadmium, mercury, copper, nickel and other heavy metals -> (ground)-water, soil; • hydrocarbons, brominated dioxins and others -> air, water; • glass dust -> air, water; Source: http://www.atterobay.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/E-Waste-Health-Hazards1.jpg Source: Research Unit RajyaSabhaSecretariat (2011): E-waste in India

  18. Hazardous waste othergenerators: hazardouswastefromhouseholdsincludesconsumerproductsfromfollowingproductclasses: • home care, e.g. drain cleaners, cleaning materials, oil paints, … • personal care,e.g. old medicines, medicine bottles, … • automotive care,e.g. motor oil, fuel, batteries, … • pest control,e.g. poisons, pesticides, herbicides, … • e-waste,e.g. batteries, CFLs, energy saving bulbs, lamp ballasts, … • small scale industrial units • car repair shops • paints shops • …

  19. Bio-medical waste • Treatedbio-medical waste from hospitals and nursing homes can be managed with MSW; • Untreated, hazardous bio-medical waste can be mixed with MSW; • catheters • tubes • disposablemasks • disposablescrubs • medicalgloves • wounddressings • … • animalcarcasses • hazardouschemicals • medicalplants • redioactivematerials • … 4. Laboratory waste 1. Solid items Riskycontentsof BMW • blades • cuvettes • slides • other glass items • needles • pipettes • syringes • … • blood • bloody fluids • tissues • organ and tissue cultures • … 3. Sharp items 2. Human tissues

  20. The 3R-Approach: Reduce – Reuse - Recycle

  21. The 3R-Approach • Quiz: • The figure below shows the waste management hierarchy • Left cone represents the traditional approach, right cone the 3R approach • Assign the following waste management strategies to the related portions of the cones • Reduce - reuse – recycle – energyrecovery – dispose

  22. The 3R-Approach: Reduce – Reuse - Recycle

  23. Benefits of 3R-Approach

  24. 3R Approaches for different waste types • Promote segregationatsource • Promote decentralizedcomposting • Propagate kitchengardens • Awarenessraising • Formalizerecycling • Ensure proper managementofproblematicfractions • speedsupcompostingprocess • can be polluted • excellentsource material forcompost 7. STP (CETP) 8. Horticulture 1. Households • usually large amountofrecyclables • promote behaviourchange in institutions • Extended Producers Responsibility • Green Procurement • educate people to stop waste disposal and littering an roads • segregation of recoverable materials Wastefrom 6. Institutions 2. Road sweeping 5. Marketsandcommercialsites 4. Drains (silt) 3. Construction • promote reductionofpaper, carbboard, packagingwaste • discourageuseofplastic • formalizerecycling • initiate Materials RecoveryFacilities • propagate reuse and recycling • inert fill material • road and embankment construction • recycled blocks and slabs • improve design of storm water management infrastructure • educate people not to litter drains

  25. Activity: Rating of MSWM in your hometowns • Rate the implementation / quality of services of MSWM in your municipality marking the specific rating score • The scores have the following meaning: • -2: item not existing • -1: item requires remarkable improvement • 0: situation reasonable • +1: good situation / performance • +2: best practice example, should be shared • Transfer your individual rating to the poster

  26. Thank you very much Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH  Sustainable Urban Habitat B-5/2, First Floor, Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029, Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02

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