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Chapter One

Definition. Small groups

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Chapter One

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    1. Chapter One What is Small Group Interaction?

    2. Definition Small groups—generally somewhere between 3 and 20 or so people. Interaction—communication, including both verbal and nonverbal components.

    3. Why should I study groups? Work groups and teams are becoming commonplace; knowledge of group process will benefit your career. Groups pervade our lives—work, school, family, organizations. Groups can be very helpful in your work as a student. Being a good manager/supervisor requires knowledge of group dynamics.

    4. Empowerment A leadership style that involves giving more responsibility to group members; the leader serving as a facilitator rather than a controller. Being applied more in work and school settings.

    5. Empowerment (cont’d) Empowerment has certain inherent advantages: Greater productivity Quicker response to problems Improved quality of communication between groups Increased individual motivation Improved overall organizational effectiveness

    6. Systems Perspective An open system: an organized set of interrelated and interacting parts that attempts to maintain its own balance but also has inputs from outside. The consequences, or outputs, of the group are fed back into the system through the feedback loop.

    7. General Systems Concepts Input—the “raw materials” of the group; background factors of the members. Throughput—the internal influences. Output—the consequences. Cycles—the out-comes of a group often become the inputs for the future. Negative Entropy—must combat the tendency of a group to fall apart, lose focus.

    8. General Systems Concepts (cont’d) Feedback—groups need feedback in order to adjust, change. Dynamic Equilibrium—groups constantly looking for a balance of personalities, outcomes, conflict, etc. Differentiation—specialization of tasks Integration—co-ordination, connection. Equifinality—variables are such that many outcomes are possible.

    9. The Tubbs Model of Small Group Interaction Relevant Background Factors Personalities Age Health Values/Attitudes Gender

    10. Tubbs Model (cont’d) Internal Influences Physical environment Type of group ? including virtual groups Status and power Leadership Group norms Decision making Conflict

    11. Tubbs Model (cont’d) Consequences Solutions to problems. Improvements in interpersonal relations. Improvements in the flow of information between and among people. Organizational change.

    12. Attraction People want to be in a group due to: Attraction to others in the group Proximity, similarity, physical attractiveness Attraction to group activities Attraction to group goal Attraction to being affiliated with the group

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