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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL. NONRADAR TRAINING. 2003 Computer-Based Training Program. C. OMPUTER. B. ASED. T. RAINING. When you are finished reviewing each slide, press any key to advance the program. Continue.

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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL

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  1. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL NONRADAR TRAINING 2003 Computer-Based Training Program

  2. C OMPUTER B ASED T RAINING When you are finished reviewing each slide, press any key to advance the program.

  3. Continue Some portions of this presentation are interactive. To make a selection, place your mouse cursor over the title or activity you desire and “click.” When a “Continue bar” appears at the bottom right portion of the screen, press the space bar to advance the program. If no such bar appears, the program is on a timer and will advance on it’s own.

  4. OBJECTIVE: Be able to comprehend the procedures for CONDITION: FAAO 7110.65 and this CBT. OBJECTIVE STATEMENT: Using this CBT and the FAAO 7110.65, be able to comprehend the procedures for applying nonradar separation. Continue ISD Process... This program was developed using the Instructional System Development (ISD) Process. Upon completion of the training, each controller should be able to meet the objective statement. applying nonradar separation.

  5. Nonradar Training Introduction Vertical Separation Lateral Separation Longitudinal Separation Press the "ESC" to exit program

  6. The use of radar has greatly increased the controller's ability to control large numbers of aircraft. Since radar is subject to occasional malfunctions, the controller must be prepared to continue controlling aircraft using nonradar techniques. Those techniques will be covered here. Separation Standards

  7. This CBT has been designed to allow you to view all three types of nonradar separation or to choose a specific type to review. The techniques involved in this CBT are outlined in FAAO 7110.65, Chapter 6. To Main Screen Air Traffic Control ANG

  8. "Approach, NW 432 out of 6,000 for 5,000." REPORT LEAVING/REACHING (altitude/flight level). REPORT LEAVING ODD/EVEN ALTITUDES/ FLIGHT LEVELS. SAY ALTITUDE. Continue Assign an altitude to an aircraft only after the aircraft previously at that altitude has reported leaving that altitude. PHRASEOLOGY

  9. FL 190 FL 180 1,000 Continue MINIMA BETWEEN ALTITUDES Separate IFR aircraft by assigning different altitudes using the following minima between altitudes: Up to and including FL 290 - 1,000 feet.

  10. Continue MINIMA BETWEEN ALTITUDES Separate IFR aircraft by assigning different altitudes using the following minima between altitudes: FL 330 FL 310 Above FL 290 - 2,000 feet

  11. When pilots of aircraft in direct radio communications with each other during climb and descent concur, you may authorize the lower aircraft, if climbing, or the upper aircraft, if descending, to maintain vertical separation. Continue Separation by Pilots

  12. An example of Aircraft "A" is heading southwest-bound at 5,000feet and aircraft "B" is heading west-bound at 6,000 feet. By applying vertical separation, both aircraft may cross the intersection at the same time. To Main Screen Continue A vertical separation... B Crossing Intersection

  13. Continue LATERAL SEPARATIONSeparate aircraft by one of the following: • Clear aircraft on different airways or routes whose widths or protected airspace do not overlap. • Clear aircraft below 18,000 to proceed to and report over or hold at different geographical locations de- termined visually or by reference to NAVAIDs. • Clear aircraft to hold over different fixes whose holding pattern airspace areas do not overlap each other or other airspace to be protected. • Clear departing aircraft to fly specified headings which diverge by at least 45 degrees. Ref: FAAO 7110.65, Chap 6

  14. Consider separation to exist between aircraft established on radials of the same NAVAID that diverge by at least 15 degrees when either aircraft is clear of the airspace to be protected for the other aircraft. VOR VORTAC 4 N.M. TACAN 45 degrees 4 N.M. Continue MINIMA ON DIVERGING RADIALS

  15. The procedure may be applied to converging as well as diverging aircraft. For example, the aircraft depicted 6 miles from the NAVAID/ waypoint would require vertical separation until reaching the 6 mile point. Reversing direction, the same aircraft would require vertical separation before passing the 6 mile point. Continue Converging and Diverging VOR VORTAC 4 N.M. TACAN WAYPOINT 45 degrees 4 N.M.

  16. 15 20 25 30 35 45 55 90 16 12 10 8 7 6 5 4 Divergence (Degrees) Distance (nautical miles) Continue NON-DME DIVERGENCE-DISTANCE MINIMA This table is for non-DME application only

  17. 15 20 25 30 35 45 55 90 17 13 11 9 8 7 6 5 Divergence (degrees) Below FL 180 FL180 through FL450 This table is for DME application and compensates for DME slant-range error. For altitudes of 3,000 feet or less above the elevation of the NAVAID, DME slant-range error is negligible and the values in the table on the previous slide may be used. Continue Divergence-Distance Minima 18 15 13 11 11 11 11 11

  18. Continue Apply lateral DME separation DME ARC by requiring aircraft using MINIMA DME to fly an arc about a NAVAID at a specified distance using the following minima: A. Between different arcs about a NAVAID regardless of direction of flight: (1) At 35 miles or less from NAVAID - 10 miles. (2) More than 35 miles from the NAVAID - 20 miles DME NAVAID 10 N.M. 30 N.M. Arc

  19. (1) At 35 miles or less from NAVAID - 5 miles. (2) More than 35 miles from the NAVAID - 10 miles To Main Screen B. Between an arc about DME ARC a NAVAID and other airspace MINIMA to be protected: Holding pattern airspace to be protected 30 N.M. Arc DME NAVAID 5 N.M. PHRASEOLOGY VIA (number of miles) MILE ARC (direction) OF (name of DME NAVAID).

  20. C o n t i n u e LONGITUDINAL SEPARATION Separate aircraft longitudinally by requiring them to do one of the following, as appropriate: a. Depart at a specified time. b. Arrive at a fix at a specified time. PHRASEOLOGY CROSS (fix) AT OR BEFORE (time). CROSS (fix) AT OR AFTER (time). c. Hold at a fix until specified time. d. Change altitude at a specified time or fix.

  21. 44 5 miles knots faster 3 minutes C o n t i n u e 5 miles Fix (1) A departing aircraft follows a preceding aircraft which has taken off from the same or adjacent airport. MINIMA ON SAME,CONVERGING,OR CROSSING COURSES Separate aircraft on the same, converging, or crossing courses by an interval expressed in time or distance, using the following minima: A. When the leading aircraft maintains a speed at least than the following aircraft - between DME equipped aircraft; RNAV equipped aircraft using LTD; and between DME and LTD aircraft provided the DME aircraft is either 10,000 feet or below or outside of 10 miles from the DME NAVAID, or between other aircraft, if, in either case, one of the following is met: EXAMPLE: 44 kts. or more faster

  22. Fix Continue MINIMA ON SAME, CONVERGING,OR CROSSING COURSES (2) A departing aircraft follows a preceding en route aircraft which has reported over a fix serving the departure airport. 44 kts. or faster

  23. Fix Continue MINIMA ON SAME, CONVERGING,OR CROSSING COURSES (3) An en route aircraft follows a preceding en route aircraft which has reported over the same fix. 44 kts. or faster 3 minutes

  24. 22 10 miles knots faster 5 minutes C o n t i n u e Fix 10 miles (1) A departing aircraft follows a preceding aircraft which has taken off from the same or adjacent airport. MINIMA ON SAME,CONVERGING,OR CROSSING COURSES Separate aircraft on the same, converging, or crossing courses by an interval expressed in time or distance, using the following minima: A. When the leading aircraft maintains a speed at least than the following aircraft - between DME equipped aircraft; RNAV equipped aircraft using LTD, and between DME and LTD aircraft provided the DME aircraft is either 10,000 feet or below or outside of 10 miles from the DME NAVAID; or between other aircraft if, in either case, one of the following conditions exists: EXAMPLE: 22 kts. or more faster

  25. Fix 10 N. M Continue MINIMA ON SAME, CONVERGING,OR CROSSING COURSES (2) A departing aircraft follows a preceding en route aircraft which has reported over a fix serving the departure airport. 22 kts. or faster

  26. Fix Continue MINIMA ON SAME, CONVERGING,OR CROSSING COURSES (3) An en route aircraft follows a preceding en route aircraft which has reported over the same fix. 22 kts. or faster 5 minutes

  27. through the altitude of another aircraft: When an aircraft 9000 7000 10 N.M. 5000 Continue More Longitudinal... is climbing or descending (1) Between DME equipped aircraft; RNAV equipped aircraft using LTD; and between DME and LTD aircraft provided the DME aircraft is either 10,000 feet or below or outside of 10 miles from the DME NAVAID - if the descending aircraft is leading or the climbing aircraft is following. 10 miles,

  28. Continue EVEN MORE LONGITUDINAL... (2) Between other aircraft - 5 minutes, if all of the following conditions are met: (a) The descending aircraft is leading or climbing aircraft is following. (b) The aircraft were separated by not more than 4,000 feet when the altitude change started. (c) The change started within 10 minutes after a following aircraft reports over a fix reported over by the leading aircraft or has acknowledged a clearance specifying the time to cross the same fix.

  29. Fix 20 N.M. Continue STILL MORE LONGITUDINAL... When the conditions of the preceding two slides cannot be met - between DME equipped aircraft; RNAV equipped aircraft using LTD; and between DME and LTD aircraft provided the DME aircraft is either 10,000 feet or below or outside of 10 miles from the DME NAVAID; or between other aircraft. 20 miles 10 minutes

  30. using DME not using DME using DME within 15 minutes Continue DME 30 N.M. 30 N.M. NAVAID STILL MORE LONGITUDINAL Between aircraft, when one aircraft is using DME/LTD and the other is not - if both the following conditions are met: 30 miles (1) The aircraft using DME/LTD derives distance information by reference to the same NAVAID over which the aircraft not using DME/LTD has reported. (2) The aircraft not using DME/LTD is within 15 minutes of the NAVAID.

  31. 8000 estimated to pass at this point 7000 10 minutes 6000 Continue 10 minutes MINIMA ON OPPOSITE DIRECTION Separate aircraft traveling opposite courses by assigning different altitudes consistent with the approved vertical separation from they are estimated to pass. Vertical separation may be discontinued after one of the following conditions is met: 10 minutes before, until 10 minutes after

  32. DME Fix or waypoint Alpha VORTAC Continue MINIMA ON OPPOSITE DIRECTION Both aircraft have reported passing NAVAID's, DME fixes, or waypoints indicating they have passed each other. Both aircraft have reported passing the same intersection or waypoint and they are at least 3 minutes apart.

  33. To Main Screen To Close SEPARATION BY PILOTS When pilots of aircraft on the same course in direct radio communication with each other concur, you may authorize the following aircraft to maintain longitudinal separation of 10 minutes; or 20 miles between DME equipped aircraft; RNAV Equipped aircraft using LTD; and between DME and LTD aircraft. Provided the DME aircraft is either 10,000 feet or below or outside 10 miles from the DME NAVAID. PHRASEOLOGY "MAINTAIN AT LEAST ONE ZERO MINUTES/TWO ZERO MILES SEPARATION FROM (identification)."

  34. This computer-based training program is managed and maintained by Headquarters Air Force Flight Standards Agency XAOT. Course Information TITLE Non Radar Training CATALOG NUMBER CBT-A-5 Version 5.0 RELEASE DATE March 2003

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