Review of science achievements

1. Review of science achievements Justin Kasper

2. The First Splinter • The purpose of the first splinter group was to receive input from the community on the following questions: • In your view, what is the most compelling and enabling science that will advance Heliophysics in the next 5-10 years? • In the next 10-20 years? • Goals: • Lead in the roadmap with the most compelling science • Identify any game-changing recent results • develop better ways to portray our Heliophysics goals and long-term strategy.

3. Process • Material from each table gathered by member of committee and report written up for each session • Session reports being combined • Describe initial reaction today • Recent results • Anticipated outcomes • Unifying science themes • Strategic plans for specific science programs

4. Recent accomplishments • Unexpected ionospheric drivers • Impacts of terrestrial weather and tides on the Earth’s ionosphere. • Associations between ionospheric activity and solar wind variations • Coupling across the bottom boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and the plasma environment (neutral atmosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere) • Void regions in PMC images suggest coupling to lower atmosphere • Signatures of terrestrial weather in the ionosphere?

5. Recent accomplishments • Measurements of reconnection, including in situ in the solar wind and in the magnetosphere, together with improved simulations. 3-D structure of reconnection. • Better far-side observations of the Sun • Observations of lower atmosphere drives of upper atmosphere variability as source of ITM variability • Termination shock observations • STEREO observations - CME propagation from the Sun to the earth. • Hinode testing loop models

6. STEREO/WAVES • Radiation belt • Dust! • Power law acceleration

7. CME INITIATION • Near-term breakthroughs • What is missing? • thousands of CMES, but what causes them? Missing something... • Origin may be below surface • need to couple interior & surface processes -- (long term) • SOLAR WIND ACCELERATION • Near-term breakthrough: • Solar probe will help verify models -- best shot • What is missing? • Need long term cycle observations: probe gets 1/2 cycle • Want more probes -- multi-point onbservations to give --longterm • Telemetry is a problem -- heliospheric DSN!

8. Reconnection long term • Near-term breakthroughs: • Reconnection Observations • Initiation from SDO -- all transients • High time resolution, mutli wavelength • Connection betwween short & long time scales, and small/large spatial scales- will be well done by SDO • Intergration between data & modelling • Microphysics & initiation, multi-scale is the most enabling for this topic • what is missing - • no spectrograph on SDO • Need high spatial, temporal and spectral resolution in space • spectra will identify electric current sheets • Need in-stiu confirmation of remote sensing diagnostics • Any connection with fusion research? • Would like to image solar corona in such a way as to connect MMS in-situ observations to larger scales • More connection between great Observatory spacecraft • Multi-spacecraft missions working together in a concentrated region • Near-solar in-situ measurements from Solar Probe.

9. Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere • Magnetophere-Ionosphere coupling possible in near term • Need global state (mag field, E field), winds • Models to couple them together • Understanding micro-scale coupling • Need IT Storm Probes • GEC Mission • Couple observations from constellation of spacecraft • Strategic Issues • Simulateneous measurements needed. Difficult with a reduced flight rate. • Problem that we are not implementing missions from previous roadmaps • Coordination with ground based observations; difficult to get underlying physics • SMEX possibilities • Mission for Global IT Coupling • Geostationary Imager by solar maximum • Composition Changes (photons from Airglow) • Synoptic Maps • Measurements on order of a degree • Science Question – What is the timescale for getting energy from the magnetosphere into the ionosphere and thermosphere? • Drivers from below versus drivers from above

10. Comparative studies • COMPARITVE INTERNAL SOLAR & STELLAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS • Near-Term breakthroughs: • Helio & astero-seismology • COROT, KEPLER missions to compare sun & stars • Depth of CZ, core, source of magnetic activity can be compared • Missing aspects -- • more stars, longer time scales • Long term -- spatial resoluton for comparisons of higher-degree modes, • more information on CZ, cores, direct imaging of emergence of stellar magnetic activity • 30x30 pixels, 100 microArcsec resolution • spectral resolution • long-term predictive capability could be achieved. • Origin of stellar/solar activity cycles

11. Compare Earth’s magnetophere to Jupiter’s & Saturn’s magnetosphere • Comparative heliophyiscs • Corona to magnetosphere • Planetary magnetospheres • Heliosphere to astrosphere • Sun to Stars

12. Summary • Help us identify any missing pieces to this story • Spacecraft not under senior review • Guest Investigator and other independent research • Are advances in some fields not captured by this process (aerobraking, exoplanets…) • Resources • Electronic copy of spreadsheet available • Comments and suggestions greatly appreciated • Helio.progress@gmail.com