Trends and Future of Sustainable Development, 9-10 June 2011 Tytti Pasanen

1. Land Use for Livelihood Activities in CambodiaAnalysis of Household Survey Results And Agricultural Practises Trends and Future of Sustainable Development, 9-10 June 2011 Tytti Pasanen Finland Futures Research Centre

2. Outline • Introduction • Household survey Cambodia 2009 • MuSIASEM and ILA • Land usage and expenditure • Effect of income • Effect of location • Conclusions and Discussion

3. 1 Introduction • Cambodia is a developing country • Most of the population in rural areas, outside electricity grid • Agricultural activities dominate livelihoods -> land ownership important • Four main ecological zones, quality of soil varies -> productivity

4. 2 householdsurveycambodia (1) • Conducted in 2009 • 1261 household interviews in 12 provinces • Main focus on land ownership, livelihood activities and energy consumption • 28 % urban, 72 % rural • Rural electrification 18 %

5. 2 householdsurveycambodia (2) • Households divided into income groups based on house type and monthly income • In urban areas, emphasis on income • In rural areas, emphasis on house type

6. 2 householdsurveycambodia (3) 1 SaveCambodia’s Wildlife 2006, 99 2 National Institute of Statistics 2010 3 National Institute of Statistics 2008

7. 3 Musiasem and ila • Multi-scale integrated analysis of societal and ecological metabolism (MuSIASEM) • Developed by Mario Giampietro • Impredicative Loop Analysis (ILA) • Plot tool by Kevin Buchan 2009 • Flow variables define what the system does, disappear during the representation • Fund variables define what the system is, remains the same • Aim to study the performance of households with different income levels and geographical locations, and the process assessed is land usage for covering annual costs

8. 4Expenditure and landusages (1) • Flowvariables: • Total annual expenditure (NDCreq, Net Disposable Cash requirement) • Income from agricultural activities • Fundvariables: Hectares of • Total farm land (TFL) • Land in cash production (LCP) • Land generating net agricultural income (lgNDC)

9. 4Expenditure and landusages (2)

10. 5Effect of income

11. 6 Effect of location

12. 7 conclusions and Discussion • The smallerincome, the biggerdependency on agriculture • Highestincomegroupverydifferentsincemainly on urbanareaswhere the methodnotveryrelevant • Allprovincesselecteddominatedbyagriculture • Agricultural incomeverysimilar in allprovinceseventhoughaveragelandplots and totalexpenditurevaried • -> productivity and the size of the plotimportant • Expenditure and incomecategoricallydefined in the survey – averagesnotexact • Quality of the cultivationcouldprovidemoreinsight on the topic • Exploringlinkages to energyissues, e.g. firewoodcollection, coulddeepen the understanding of ruralpoverty

13. references • Buckhan, Kevin (2009). Plot tool for MuSIASEM Analysis. SMILE Project, The Macaulay Institute. • Giampietro, Mario – Mayumi, Kozo – Ramos-Martin, Jesus (2009) Muti-Scale Integrated Analysis of societal and ecosystem metabolism (MuSIASEM): Theretical concepts and basic rationale. Energy, Vol. 34(3), 313–322. • National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning (2010) General Population Census. http://celade.cepal.org/khmnis/census/khm2008/ retrieved 12.5.2011. • National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning (2008) Statistical Yearbook 2008. Royal Government of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. • SCW (2006). Atlas of Cambodia: National Poverty and Environment Maps. Save Cambodia's Wildlife, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

14. Thank you for the attention! • Finland Futures Research Centre (FFRC) Tytti Pasanen • University of Turku Research Assistant • Pinninkatu 47, FI-33100 Tampere Tytti.pasanen@utu.fi+358 40 84 50 749 ffrc.utu.fi www.mekong.fi